相对论重离子碰撞中的量子反常输运

Relativistic heavy-ion collisions can generate extremely hot quark-gluon plasma as well as extremely strong electromagnetic fields and flow vorticity. There may happen the parity-violating topological phase transition in quark-gluon plasma; and once this occurs, the electromagnetic fields and flow vorticity can induce anomalous transport phenomena through the quantum anomaly, for example, the chiral magnetic effect and chiral vortical effect. The proposed project will investigate theoretically the quantum anomalous transport phenomena in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We will mainly focus on three aspects. 1) We will explore new anomalous transports, especially those in isospin current and strangeness current. 2) We will study the time evolution and distribution of the electromagnetic fields and flow vorticity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. 3) We will study the possible signals of the anomalous transports in heavy-ion collisions and the background due to elliptic flow. Particularly, we will study how the contribution from the anomalous transports and the contribution from the elliptic flow entangled and how to separate them apart. The proposed project will deepen our understanding of the quantum anomalous transports and provide theoretical support for the related experimental measurements at RHIC and LHC.

相对论重离子碰撞可以产生温度极高的夸克胶子等离子体，也可以产生极强的电磁场以及流体涡旋。夸克胶子等离子体中可能发生宇称破缺的拓扑相变，一旦这种相变发生，那么电磁场或流体涡旋就会通过量子反常诱导出新奇的反常输运现象，比如手征磁效应，手征涡效应等。本项目旨在对相对论重离子碰撞中的量子反常输运现象进行理论研究。我们的研究将就三个方面展开：1）寻找新的反常输运现象，特别是与同位旋流和奇异数流相关的反常输运现象。2）研究诱导出反常输运的电磁场和流体涡旋在相对论重离子碰撞中的演化，分布等。3）研究反常输运在相对论重离子碰撞中信号和椭圆流背景，探讨反常输运与椭圆流背景的耦合与分离。本项目的研究一方面将加深我们对于量子反常输运本身的理解，另一方面也将为RHIC和LHC上相关的实验提供理论支持。

探索由量子反常造成的输运现象是当前相对论重离子碰撞实验的重要目标，本项目对反常输运现象做了深入系统的理论研究，包括：建立了包含手征反常的适用于一般弯曲时空和电磁场背景的量子手征动理学理论，并作为工具开展相关的理论和现象学研究；提出一些新的反常和自旋输运现象以及他们在重离子碰撞实验中可能的信号；基于输运模型和流体力学模型对重离子碰撞中产生的电磁场和流体涡旋的性质进行了系统研究。这些结果一方面加深了我们对反常输运现象的理解，另一方面对RHIC和LHC开展的相关实验给予了一定的理论支撑。