氰化物体系中硫化铜锌矿物的抑制与活化过程及机制研究

In china, a lot of cyanide residues discharged from gold mine have the comprehensive utilization of the potential for they including the gold-bearing, copper, lead, zinc and other valuable metals generally. However, some researches about efficient recovery of the valuable metals such as copper、lead and zinc from these cyanide residues still have these unsolved problems. So it is important theoretically significant and application valuable to further investigate the process and mechanism of copper sulfide zinc mineral depressed and activated in the system of cyanide. In this project, the process and mechanism of copper and zinc sulfide ores depresssed by cyanide are systematically researched in the cyanide system based on the pure copper and zinc sulfide ores and the actual ores depresssed by the cyanide respectively. In the whole research contents, the interfacial electrochemistry and dynamic process of copper and zinc sulfide ores depresssed by cyanide are detected and simulated firstly. And then the process, the form, craft and mechanism of the ores forcefully activated by activator are ascertained. The interactional rules of micro-particles and common particles、particles and bubbles are researched. The oxidation and floating rate differences of sulfide copper zinc ores affected by cyanide also are determined at the same time. Finally the empirical model between all kinds of sulfide ores flotation operation variable、molecular kinetics model of reagnet effect and kinetics and electrochemical parameters is established. These ultimately reveal the mechanisms of the fine grinding or ultra fine grinding sulfide copper cleaning activated and deeply depressed by cyanide.

黄金矿山氰化渣堆存和排放量大，含金、铜、铅和锌等有价金属，综合利用潜力巨大。但国内外对氰化渣中铜铅锌硫化矿等综合回收的研究深度不够，氰化物体系中硫化铜锌矿物的抑制与活化过程的理论研究也有待深入，因此，对氰化物体系中硫化铜锌矿物的抑制与活化过程及机理研究具有重要理论意义和应用价值。 本项目拟在氰化物作用体系中，以纯硫化铜锌矿物和被氰化物制的实际矿石为研究对象，系统研究氰化物对硫化铜锌矿物抑制过程及机理；研究氰化物抑制硫化铜锌矿物的界面电化学、动力学过程；研究被氰化物强烈抑制矿物的活化过程、活化方式、活化工艺、活化机理；研究氰化物体系中微细颗粒与颗粒之间、颗粒与气泡之间的相互作用规律；研究被氰化物作用后铜、锌硫化矿物的氧化速率差异与浮游速率差异，建立各种硫化矿浮选操作变量与动力学、电化学参数之间的经验模型和药剂作用的分子动力学模型，揭示细磨或超细磨硫化铜受氰化物深度抑制及清洁活化机理。

黄金矿山氰化渣堆存和排放量大，含金、铜、铅和锌等有价金属，综合利用潜力巨大。但国内外对氰化渣中铜铅锌硫化矿等综合回收的研究深度不够，氰化物体系中硫化铜锌矿物的抑制与活化过程的理论研究也有待深入，因此，对氰化物体系中硫化铜锌矿物的抑制与活化过程及机理研究具有重要理论意义和应用价值。本项目以黄铜矿、铁闪锌矿为研究对象，开展了实验室纯矿物浮选试验；开展了热力学与浮选溶液化学等分析，揭示了氰化物对黄铜矿、铁闪锌矿的抑制机理与抑制产物；依据抑制产物理化性质和前期活化浮选探索试验筛选出次氯酸钠、双氧水、焦亚硫酸钠和硫酸铜等四种活化剂，并借助红外光谱仪、Zeta电位仪等测试仪器，结合浮选溶液化学计算阐明了活化剂的活化机理；开展了受氰化抑制的黄铜矿和铁闪锌矿的活化浮选动力学研究，揭示了黄铜矿和铁闪锌矿的活化浮选速率差异以从理论上指导黄铜矿和铁闪锌矿的分选回收；通过微量热法测定捕收剂在黄铜矿表面吸附的量热曲线，从微量热动力学角度并结合XPS测试揭示了氰化物抑制黄铜矿以及四种活化剂活化氰化黄铜矿的机理；采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法构建了氰化钠抑制黄铜矿和闪锌矿以及铜离子活化闪锌矿的分子模型，从分子水平揭示了氰化物对铜锌硫化矿的抑制机理以及铜离子对受氰化物抑制闪锌矿的活化机理；开展了从实际黄金氰化浸出渣中浮选回收铜锌硫化矿的实践，验证了被氰化物抑制硫化矿物的短流程优先高效梯度浮选分离技术。研究成果可为金银矿山金银化学浸出渣中被氰化物强烈抑制的硫化铜锌矿物的高效回收与利用奠定坚实的理论基础。