云南竹生子囊菌的多样性、分类及系统发育研究

Bamboos, the economic grass of Aisa, play an important role in forest ecology in Yunnan Province of China, where abundant bamboo species are widely distributed. Numerous microorganisms, especially microfungi, are associated with bamboo host with habits such as pathogenic, parasitic and saprobic. Based on our previous studies, the representative habitats of bamboo forest in Yunnan will be selected as the collecting sites in this project. Taxonomic and phylogenetic study of bambusicolous ascomycetes will be carried out, based on the model approach, viz. morphologic and phylogenetic analyses, and culture-based connectivity of sexual-asexual morphs. This project is aimed at understanding the distribution, diversity, phylogeny and systematics of bambusicolous ascomycetous species, and how the molecular evolution and phylogenetics related to morphological characters and taxonomic status. At the same time, the fungal resources of selected areas of Yunnan Province will be documented. The new taxa will be taxonomically introduced with descriptions and illustrations. Based on the morphological characters and molecular data, the correct identification of bambusicolous ascomycetes will be arrived. Moreover, this study is expected to provide the scientific support for the prevention and control of fungal diseases on bamboo, development and utilization of these fungi and conservation of bambusicolous fungi and bamboo resources.

云南地区优越的生态环境条件和丰富的竹类资源多样性，为寄生、腐生和习居于竹类的子囊菌类群的系统分类研究提供了广阔的空间。在前期研究的基础上，本项目以我国西南部竹类资源丰富的云南典型竹区为背景，采用现代分类学手段即形态分子相结合、有性无性相连接的方法，对代表性生境采集的竹生子囊菌进行形态学和分子系统发育学研究，探讨该区域竹生子囊菌的生境分布、多样性与系统学关系，验证和发掘云南竹生子囊菌中属和种的形态鉴别特征、有效分类地位及分子系统演化关系，重建该类群系统准确的分子数据库和科学鉴定标准。本项目的完成有望为云南竹生子囊菌物种多样性保育与资源开发奠定理论基础，并将为我国西南地区的竹类病害防控及竹类资源多样性保护提供重要的参考依据。

项目通过对云南滇中、滇南、滇西北及滇东北竹区内竹子枝、竿、叶、叶鞘、花、茎和根等部位子囊菌进行采样、分离和收集，共保存标本400份，通过单孢或组织分离方法成功获得纯培养物205份，采用形态学与分子系统发育学相结合的方法，鉴定了200个竹生子囊菌物种，统计了云南竹生子囊菌在各个区域的分布情况，数据表明滇南竹区子囊菌物种多样性较为丰富。项目对具有药用价值的竹黄和竹红菌进行了详细的形态观察、分子测序和竹红菌素含量检测，发现竹红菌早期拉丁学名定名不准确，并建立了竹红菌新属，研究成果发表于SCI三区期刊。项目进行了竹生子囊菌各纲、目、科、属的多样性分析，表明云南竹生子囊菌类群主要隶属座囊菌纲（Dothideomycetes）和粪壳菌纲（Sordariomycetes），分布较多的目为Botryosphaeriales、Hypocreales、Pleosporales和Xylariales，分布较多的科为Apiosporaceae、Bambusicolaceae、Botryosphaeriaceae、Roussoellaceae和Xylariaceae等，分布较多的属为Arthrinium、Bambusicola和Roussoella等，研究表明Arthrinium arundinis，A. rasikravindrae，A. hysterinum和Roussoella hysterioides在云南分布较广，属于常见物种，其中Arthrinium和Botryosphaeriaceae是植物常见病原菌类群，该发现对竹类植物的病害防控与资源保护具有参考价值。运用有性与无性相连接的研究手段，确定了Arthrinium、Neodeightonia、Bambusicola、Bambusaria、Phaeoacremonium、Roussoella、Tubeufia、Vamsapriya 8属的有性-无性对应关系，为推进“One Fungi One Name”具有较好的参考意义。通过多基因构建的系统发育树，揭示了竹生子囊菌各类群之间的系统学关系，较好的解决了竹生子囊菌鉴定难题，完善和发掘了云南竹生子囊菌新资源，发现并描述新的分类单元，建立了云南省竹生子囊菌可靠的分子数据库，为更加有效的保护中国西南地区真菌资源的多样性提供基础数据。