基于超分子凝胶网络结构的新型柔性自修复材料

This project aims to combine the carbon material, inorganic clusters and fluorescent nanoparticles with high strength and hardness into the flexible network constructed by supramolecular gel, to obtain self-healing materials with both high strength, high toughness and liquidity character, and to study the damage driving force and repair mechanism. Self-healing ability and flowing behavior of molecules can be realized by the usage of dynamic reversible self-assembly in supramolecular system. The introduction of carbon material, inorganic clusters or fluorescent nanoparticles to the system not only stabilize the structural network, but also afford functionality and response properties for visually tracing the repair process. At the same time the dynamic process of material damage and repair process, as well as external drive characteristics will be deeply investigated. We will focus on several key scientific problems, such as the response ability to the injury, the controllability on repair process and the stability after multiple repairing in those self-healing materials. These results not only show important theoretical significance, but also have important application value in the fields of aerospace, military industry, construction, automotive, artificial intelligence etc.

本项目拟将强度和硬度较高的碳材料、无机团簇材料和荧光纳米粒子引入由超分子凝胶构筑的柔性网络中，获得既具有高强度、高韧性又具有一定流动性的复合型自修复材料，并对损伤驱动和修复机理进行深入系统的研究。利用超分子体系动态可逆的组装行为实现分子的流动性和损伤的自修复能力，引入碳材料、无机团簇材料和荧光基团实现其结构的稳定性、功能化响应及修复过程的可视化示踪。同时研究材料对外界刺激的感应能力及修复过程的动力学驱动特性。重点解决自修复材料对损伤的感应性，修复过程的可控性及多次修复的稳定性等关键科学问题。这些研究结果不仅具有重要的理论意义，而且在航天、军工、建筑、汽车、人工智能等领域有重要的应用价值。

本项目按计划完成了预定目标。设计合成了多个系列具有刺激响应行为和自修复能力的超分子凝胶网络结构。通过引入荧光基团，实现了对输出信号的可视化示踪和动力学过程研究，并通过机械压力、化学刺激等方式实现了结构和光物理性质的有效调控，发展了对特定生物组织成像的荧光开关材料、具有药物释放能力的水凝胶材料和针对恶性肿瘤的光控药物释放体系。进一步将石墨烯和石墨烯纳米带引入超分子网络中，增强其力学性能和导电性能，构筑了超轻、多孔结构的三维气凝胶组装材料，实现了其在生物修复材料、智能吸附及能源材料方面的应用。例如将石墨烯和高分子复合的单网络和互穿双网络结构的水凝胶材料，应用于血管栓塞剂。将三维石墨烯纳米带框架材料应用于燃料电池的阴极催化剂、锂离子电池的阴极材料，表现出良好的性能和超高的稳定性。将多孔、密度和表面亲疏水性可调的气凝胶组装材料发展为智能型的水或油的吸附剂，有望应用于环境治理、燃油的再生利用等。进一步对以上材料的表界面性质、动力学驱动过程及控制机制进行了深入系统的研究，为进一步开发智能型应答系统提供了理论依据和材料模型。以上研究结果发表了标注本项目的研究论文39篇，其中30篇影响因子大于4.0, 2篇ESI高被引，被邀请撰写了三本英文专著各一个章节，在国际国内学术会议上做邀请报告十余次。申请发明专利5项，培养博士生7名。