Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of the lymphocytic infiltration in islets (insulitis). Recent studies show that proinsulin (PI) is the primary autoantigen at the initiation stage of T1D, and the autoreactive response to PI lies upstream of response to other autoantigen. It is known that resting antigen-presenting cells (APCs) presenting antigen will induce T-cell tolerance instead of activation. Because APCs are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we reason that after autologous or syngeneic transplantation of HSCs encoding PI, the derived resting APCs will express PI which may induce T cell tolerance and prevent T1D in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice at the initiation stage of T1D. On the basis of our initial success by using non-targeted lentiviral vector (LV), we now plan to solve such problem as targeted expression of PI gene. For the fact that major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) genes are expressed selectively in APCs and highly in dentritic cells after differentiation and maturation, we plan to construct a new targeted LV which mediates the PI gene expression under the control of mice MHC II. PI gene would be targetedly expressed in the resting APCs derived from HSCs transfected by targeted LV post implantation. Whether T1D will be prevented in the recipient NOD mice and the underlying mechanism will be studied. This will help to develop a new strategy to prevent autoimmune disease.
1型糖尿病(T1D)是一种以胰岛淋巴细胞浸润(胰岛炎)为特征的自身免疫性疾病。研究发现胰岛素原(PI)是T1D启动阶段首要自身抗原,针对PI的自身反应位于对其他自身抗原反应的上游。因为静息抗原提呈细胞(APCs)提呈抗原可诱导T细胞耐受,而APCs源自造血干细胞(HSCs),我们设想在T1D启动阶段用编码PI的同基因或自体HSCs植入非肥胖糖尿病(NOD)鼠,其生成的静息APCs将表达PI,可诱导T细胞对PI的免疫耐受,从而防治T1D。我们在前期应用非靶向性慢病毒载体(LV)获得成功基础上拟进一步解决PI基因靶向性表达问题,由于MHC II选择性表达于APCs并高表达于分化成熟后树突状细胞,拟构建新的靶向性LV,其介导的PI基因表达受控于鼠MHC II启动子,将PI基因靶向表达于转染HSCs植入后生成的静息APCs,研究其能否防治受体NOD鼠T1D及机制,为自身免疫性疾病开辟新的防治策略。
1 型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes, T1D )是一种以胰岛的淋巴细胞浸润(胰岛炎)为特征的自身免疫性疾病,胰岛的β 细胞因受到自身T细胞的攻击而致损,停止产生胰岛素。胰岛素原 (proinsulin, PI) 作为胰岛素的前体,包含 T 细胞抗原决定簇,其中 PI II 是导致 NOD 鼠 T1D的主要抗原. PI 是T1D 启动阶段的首要自身抗原,诱导对 PI 的免疫耐受将会有效的防治 T1D。抗原提呈细胞(APC)所处的“环境”(context) 控制着 T 细胞免疫的的性质,如果抗原由静息的 APCs 提呈,会导致 T 细胞对该抗原的无反应性并抑制抗原特异性抗体产生,从而组织T细胞对胰岛β细胞的攻击,利用编码 PI II 的慢病毒转染 HSCs,将转染 HSCs 移植给受体 NOD 鼠能明显减轻胰岛炎。我们用非靶向性慢病毒(CMV.PI LV) 来控制 PI 的表达,在植入的转染 HSCs 生成的所有子代细胞中(包括 MHC II+ APCs 和 和 MHC II- 细胞 )都将表达转基因(PI),通过构建靶向性 LV (即 H2-Eα.PI LV)感染HSC,让PI只在部分子代细胞靶向性表达(MHC II+APCs),其中DC细胞是高表达MHC II的APC之一。通过将CMV.PI LV和 H2-Eα.PI LV 感染的 HSCs并植入NOD 鼠,研究其能否减轻胰岛炎从而防治 T1D。结果显示CMV.PI LV和 H2-Eα.PI LV慢病毒改造的HSCs回输到NOD鼠后,都能降低胰腺炎,其中H2-Eα.PI LV组缓解胰腺炎效果更好。H2-Eα.PI LV能特异性在DC细胞和MHC II+中特异性表达,而CMV.PI LV在MHC II-和MHC II+中都高表达,无特异性。此外回输改造后的HSC到小鼠不会改变小鼠淋巴细胞总量和淋巴亚群。以上结果判断H2-Eα.PI LV改造的HSCs能缓解T1D,并且不会损害免疫功能,展示出广阔的临床应用前景。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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