Type 1 diabetes is a multifactorial autoimmune disease characterised by immunocyte cell mediated destruction of beta cells in the pancreas. Although daily insulin injection ameliorates the disease, it does not provide physiological level of the hormone. A safe, potent, and practical approach that can treat the disease via protecting beta cell from impairment is needed. We previously reported that inflammatory cytokine allograft inflammatory factor 1(AIF-1) accelerated type 1 diabetes with reduced beta cell mass, and the antibody against it prevented insulitis and beta cell disruption in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, suggesting that AIF-1 plays a critical role in beta cell loss in type 1 diabetes and its antibody could prevent this disease by protecting beta cell from disruption. In the present study, we intend to explore an approach to prevent type 1 diabetes by the antibody, further examine the protecting effect of this antibody on beta cell from apoptosis, purify the interacting factor(s) of AIF-1 on (in) beta cell, define the downstream signal transduction pathways activated by AIF-1, clarify the essential molecular mechanism of the antibody against AIF-1 protecting beta cells, develop the antibody as a new drug in the treatment/prevention of type 1 diabetes. .
1型糖尿病是一种免疫细胞介导、以胰腺β细胞损伤为特征的自身性免疫疾病,目前临床上主要依靠终身补充外源胰岛素维持患者生命。申请人前期研究显示异体移植炎症因子1(AIF-1)体外损伤了胰腺β细胞,体内加速了NOD模型鼠1型糖尿病的发生,加剧了其胰腺β细胞量的减少,而AIF-1抗体可有效防止模型鼠胰岛炎并阻止其胰腺β细胞的损伤,说明AIF-1是1型糖尿病的直接致病因子,而其抗体可用于预防1型糖尿病。本项目拟探索AIF-1抗体预防1型糖尿病的方案,并通过研究AIF-1对胰腺β细胞凋亡的影响,垂钓其在胰腺β细胞上(中)的相互作用因子(受体),构建其下游信号转导通路,进而揭示AIF-1影响胰腺β细胞的途径,及AIF-1抗体对这些影响的拮抗,阐明AIF-1抗体保护胰腺β细胞的分子机制,为1型糖尿病抗体药物的开发奠定基础。
糖尿病是一种免疫细胞介导、因胰岛素分泌过低或胰岛素抵抗引起的代谢疾病。项目申请人和其他小组研究显示异体移植炎症因子1 (Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1, AIF-1) 与1型糖尿病和糖尿病肾病相关。.为了确定AIF-1在糖尿病中的作用,本项目构建了小鼠AIF-1的原核表达载体,并制备了小鼠AIF-1蛋白和单克隆抗体。以AIF-1抗原孵育Wistar大鼠胰岛,其抑制了胰岛细胞胰岛素的分泌并损伤了胰岛细胞的活力。全内反射荧光显微镜证实AIF-1可结合在胰岛细胞表面。其在胰腺中的结合蛋白被鉴定为胱硫醚β合成酶。.此外,由于AIF-1是巨噬细胞产生的炎症因子。本项目构建了小鼠AIF-1真核过表达质粒和RNA干扰载体,转染小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞后,AIF-1促进了宿主巨噬细胞增殖,提高了炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子α和白介素1β、白介素6的释放和活性氧及一氧化氮的产生,这些Th1型炎症的发生与NF-κB信号的激活相关。.体内实验中,AIF-1在血浆和胰岛中的含量随NOD鼠的发病逐渐上升。而其抗体消除了血浆AIF-1,并阻断了胰岛炎的发生。目前动物实验在继续进行中。.同时,肥胖是糖尿病发生的重要原因。作为脂肪因子,AIF-1增强了脂肪细胞活性氧的产生,炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子α和白介素6、脂肪因子抵抗素的分泌并抑制了脂联素的分泌。这些可能与炎症信号NF-κB的激活以及PPARγ的抑制相关,AIF-1进一步阻断了胰岛素信号,从而造成胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄入障碍。.因此,本项目进一步确证了AIF-1是1型糖尿病中Th1型炎症发生的一个关键因子,可直接损伤胰岛细胞。其抗体可改善糖尿病炎症状态。同时AIF-1可引起脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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