基于广角扩束镜与旋转双光楔的多点同时空间激光通信方法研究

Aims at solving the problem of free space laser communication system cannot communicate with multi-point at the same time because of narrow beam divergence. A new method to realize simultaneousl multi-point free space laser communication based on wide-angle beam expander and dual-rotating prism scanner were proposed after we analysis the characteristic of traditional free space laser communication system and application requirements of future space network. Firstly, the structure of wide angle beam expander, the optimization design method and image quality evaluation method were researched, and then the relationship between beam expander aberration and system performance were analyzed. Secondly, the research of control algorithm of dual-rotating prism and the relationship between prism rotation error and the system performance were carried out. Lastly, the achromatic prism design method was studied in order to reduce optical axis deviation caused by the prism chromatic aberration. In this program, we propose a new method to realize multi-point free space laser communication, which has the characteristic of no limitation of target bearing and flexible control strategy. By this method, it can not only communicate with multi targets at the same time, but also can flexibly control the dual-rotating prism according to the target number; this will increase the system energy efficiency as much as possible. It will be important to the scientific and practical development for space laser communication network and space information network construction.

本项目旨在研究解决空间激光通信束散角小导致的多点同时空间激光通信难的问题. 从传统激光通信系统特性与未来空间信息网络发展的需求出发，提出并研究基于广角扩束镜与旋转双光楔的光学天线来实现多点同时空间激光通信的新方法，研究广角扩束镜的结构形式、优化设计方法、像质评价手段，分析像差对系统性能的影响；同时开展双光楔的旋转控制算法研究，分析双光楔旋转角度误差对系统性能的影响；研究光楔色差校正方法，开展针对信标光与通信光的消色差双光楔的设计，减少光楔色差引起的不同子光路光轴偏差。本项目提出的多点激光通信新方法具有对通信目标方位无限制、控制策略灵活多变等特点，不仅可对多个目标同时进行通信，还可根据通信目标个数，灵活控制双光楔组跟踪策略，尽可能提高系统光能利用率。对空间激光通信组网与未来空间信息网络的建设具有非常重要的科学意义和应用意义。

本项目旨在研究解决空间激光通信束散角小导致的多点同时空间激光通信难的问题. 从传统激光通信系统特性与未来空间信息网络发展的需求出发，提出了基于广角扩束镜与旋转双光楔来实现多点同时激光通信的新方法，该方法可解决激光通信发散角窄和接收视场角小等特性与多点同时空间激光通信的矛盾，可对空间方位很近的多个目标进行同时空间激光通信，且可根据通信目标个数灵活控制双光楔跟踪策略，实现多组双光楔跟踪同一个目标，有利于提高系统光能利用率。在项目研究过程中，完成了系统总体方案设计、广角扩束镜光学系统设计、双光楔旋转控制算法、双光楔消色差设计等内容研究。所设计的多点同时激光通信系统，具备低轨星座内“一对三”同时激光通信的能力，可实400km，通信速率2.5Gbps，误码率优于1E-7 的通信技术指标。项目研究成果对于自由空间激光通信组网，多目标跟踪与控制、天地一体化信息网络建设有一定的促进作用。