协同考虑领域工程与应用工程的软件产品线管理与优化研究

Based on the perspective of interaction effect between Domain Engineering and Application Engineering, this study solves the software product lines (SPL) as complicated system engineering. It focuses on the SPL systemic management and integrated optimization. By analyzing the characteristics of low incremental cost of SPL, a cost analysis model is proposed in the field of Domain Engineering; By discussing on matching rules of domain knowledge of different task and skill level of the individual development, a task matching model is put forward for the Application Engineering; By formulating the different profit pattern of Domain Engineering and the corresponding "principal-agent model", it attempts to study the mechanism between effort level and the profit of Domain Engineering and the overall organization. Two kinds of joint decision method of Domain and Application Engineering is further proposed: Considered the characteristics of low incremental cost, optimal design strategy of product portfolio under perfect information; The coordination mechanism of transfer price design for avoiding the moral hazard with hidden actions under asymmetry information. Based on the characteristics of the models and the optimization mechanism, heuristics are developed to solve the proposed models. Expected results are not only to provide the theoretical exploration for implementing the management of integrated optimization for SPL, but also to promote the coordination of the Domain and Application Engineering, and to improve the operation management in the field of implementation efficiency.

本项研究从软件产品线（SPL）领域工程与应用工程相互影响的视角，将其视为一项复杂的系统工程，围绕SPL系统性管理与集成优化开展研究。分析了SPL的低增量成本特性，提出面向领域工程的产品线成本分析模型；探讨了不同任务领域知识和技能水准下的个体开发任务匹配问题，提出了面向应用工程的软件产品线开发任务匹配模型；针对领域部门的不同盈利性质设计“委托-代理模型”，揭示努力程度对部门利润及组织整体盈利的作用机理及效应。在此基础上，提出完全信息下考虑低增量成本特性的产品组合开发策略和信息不对称下考虑规避隐藏行动的道德风险的转让价格协调机制；针对模型特点及优化原理，设计相应的求解算法，并分析算法和模型的适用性。预期成果既是对SPL实施集成优化管理的理论探索，又是从实践层面促进协同考虑领域工程与应用工程的SPL运作管理的有益探索，为改善SPL开发管理，提升SPL实施效益，提供一定参考。

经过四年的实施，本项目按照预定计划，圆满完成了申请书中的各项研究任务，并加深拓展了对其相关问题的研究。围绕产品线理论中领域工程和应用工程阶段运作管理中的现实需求，以及两个阶段的集成优化需求开展研究，圆满完成了各项预订研究任务，在各研究方向均取得了相应的预期成果。首先在分别提出领域工程阶段的成本与可靠性分析模型、应用工程阶段的交付时间机制设计研究。在此基础上重点研究了协同领域工程与应用工程的联合优化模型与方法研究，包括考虑信息完全的转让价格机制设计；考虑信息不对称下的转让价格机制设计；考虑融资模式下的转让价格机制设计；考虑可持续发展的产品线设计。最后综合研究了产品线扩张策略。基于以上研究，项目执行期内以第一（共同）作者在权威期刊发表论文四篇，获得中国科学院科学出版基金资助专著一部。另有二篇英文文章和一篇中文文章处于投稿或修改阶段。项目实施期间，项目组共有三人次赴美国、日本等地参加国际学术会议及进行学术访问交流；同时接待来自美国、日本、英国、加拿大等一流大学和研究机构的学者来访四人次。