氮硫互作对水稻香气质量影响的生理机制研究

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, some like aromatic rice, are preferred over others due to their distinctive aroma and flavor. Because aroma quality of the typical famous aromatic rice cultivars will be weakened even disappear after planted continuously for several years, and traditional regional aromatic rice has the strict regional limitation and low yield, the natural aromatic rice production were affected seriously. Generally，fertilizers of sulfur and nitrogen are often applied to the paddy fields by the peasants，but why did the fertilizers sometimes strengthen the rice aroma quality while sometimes weaken the aroma quality even to make the aromatic rice to non-aromatic rice？In order to find out the special nitrogen and sulfur interactional fertilizer application levels，method of supercritical fluid CO2 extraction and GC-MS coupled with alternative moving window factor analysis(AMWFA) which has been studied to breakthrough the technical bottleneck of testing the rice aroma quality accurately is utilized to qualify and quantify the aroma quality of rice planted in different climate types and soil types of paddy fields. And based on this, metabolism mechanism of C,N and S elements of all the special nitrogen and sulfur interactional fertilizer application levels will be lightened at the first time by analysis the change of the special enzyme activity and the content of all kinds of nitrogen containing compounds，sulfur containing compounds，nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds and carbohydrates which were connected with the enzymes and the C，N，S elements. Consequently, we can gain the special nitrogen and sulfur interactional fertilizer application levels to increase the rice aroma quality and the optimization methods of fertilizer application according to the scientific systematical analysis and research.

水稻因其香气质量不同而分为香稻和非香稻，香稻品种在连续种植几年后香气质量退化严重，传统地方香稻又具有严格的地域性和低产量，这些严重影响了天然香稻的生产力。水稻生产中常施用氮肥和硫肥，有时氮肥和硫肥可增加水稻谷粒的香味而有时又使本来香味浓的水稻谷粒反而变得不香。本研究突破了精确测定香气质量的技术瓶颈,采用超临界CO2(SFE-CO2)萃取水稻香气物质，结合GC-MS交替移动窗口因子分析法(AMWFA)对水稻香气成分进行定性定量分析，比较研究不同气候类型和不同土壤类型上不同氮硫互作组合对稻谷香气质量的影响，以获得使水稻香气质量增加的多个特定氮硫互作组合.并在此基础上第一次系统阐释特定氮硫互作组合对水稻香气质量影响的氮代谢机制、碳代谢机制和硫代谢机制，以获得能增加水稻香气质量的特定氮硫互作组合及其最佳施用方法，为获得增加水稻香气质量的氮硫配施最优化技术提供科学的理论依据。

水稻因其香气质量不同而分为香稻和非香稻，香稻品种在连续种植几年后香气质量退化严重，传统地方香稻又具有严格的地域性和低产量，这些严重影响了天然香稻的生产力。水稻生产中常施用氮肥和硫肥，有时氮肥和硫肥可增加水稻谷粒的香味而有时又使本来香味浓的水稻谷粒反而变得不香？本研究突破了精确测定香气质量的技术瓶颈,采用超临界CO2(SFE-CO2)萃取水稻香气物质，结合 GC-MS 交替移动窗口因子分析法(AMWFA)对水稻香气成分进行定性定量分析，比较研究不同气候类型和不同土壤类型上不同氮硫互作组合对稻谷香气质量的影响，探明了氮硫互作通过降低土壤pH值，提高土壤有机质含量以及土壤中钙、镁、锌、铜、锰等成香营养元素来增加水稻谷粒的L-脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量，氮含量、并降低谷粒可溶性糖含量来提高瑰丽香气质量。与此同时，探明了N2S3极显著增加了谷粒香气物质的获得率。N2S2不但可以增加水稻谷粒香气物质的获得率，还能极显著提高香稻谷粒的产量和氮肥利用率。为获得增加水稻香气质量的氮硫配施最优化技术提供了科学的理论依据。