利用多源卫星资料对东亚季风区云和降水结构的研究

Cloud macrophysical and microphysical parameters, such as droplet size, shape, liquid water content, ice water content and so on, are the key factors to impact on the Earth's Atmosphere radiation budget. Cloud and precipitation are also an important process among the system of the global water cycle. With the development of satellite remote sensing, such as operations of Cloud Radar, Precipitation Radar, Visible Infrared Radiometer, and Microwave Imager onboard satellites, measurements of these instruments together with retrievals have obtained huge data sets of cloud optical thickness, efficient radius, cloud water content, cloud height, etc, which provides a novel perspective method to investigate the temporal and spatial variability on structures of clouds and precipitation, relationship between cloud parameters and precipitation over East Asia Monsoon region. Based upon these huge new data sets, the following scientific questions are proposed to study in this project. ..1.To Collect, organize, and evaluate of cloud and precipitation data observed and retrieved by multi-satellites, and build up the merged-datasets of cloud parameters together with structures of clouds and precipitation;.2.To ascertain features of cloud parameters, structures of clouds and precipitation in the typical synoptic systems in East Asia Monsoon regions;.3.To characterize the temporal and spatial variability of cloud parameters together with regional differences of these characteristics in East Asia Monsoon regions;.4.To find the relationship between cloud parameters and precipitation types, structures and intensities in East Asia Monsoon regions;.5.To explore the impact of regional aerosols on the cloud parameters and precipitation structure in special locations in East Asia Monsoon regions...Eventually, the implementation of the project will fundamentally enhance our knowledge on natures of cloud and precipitation types and their cloud parameters, relationship between cloud parameters and precipitation, impacts of aerosol on cloud parameters and precipitation, which will set foundation on research of cloud radiation effects.

云宏微观物理参数是影响地气辐射收支平衡的重要因子之一，云和降水也是水循环中的一个重要过程。随着星载测云和测雨雷达、可见光/红外和被动微波遥感探测结果的积累，将云和降水垂直结构（云廓线和降水廓线）与云参数（光学厚度、有效半径、云水和云冰含量、云高等）信息融合，为研究东亚季风区云和降水结构及时空变化、云参数与降水之间关系等科学问题提供了新途径。本项目拟开展：（1）收集、整理和评估多源卫星对云和降水的探测资料，建立云参数、云和降水类型及廓线的融合数据集；（2）研究东亚季风区典型天气系统云参数、云和降水结构特征，（3）研究东亚季风区云参数时空变化及区域性差异，（4）研究东亚季风区云参数与降水之间关系，（5）探索东亚季风区特定地区气溶胶对云参数及降水结构的影响。上述研究结果将提升我们对东亚季风区云和降水类型及结构与云参数之间关系、气溶胶对云参数和降水作用的科学认知，为后续研究云辐射效应等奠定基础。

为认知东亚季风区云和降水结构及时空变化、云参数与降水之间关系等科学问题，本项目：（1）收集、整理和评估了多源卫星对云和降水的探测资料，建立了云参数、云和降水类型及廓线的融合数据集；（2）揭示了东亚季风区典型天气系统云参数、云和降水结构特征，（3）揭示了东亚季风区云参数时空变化及区域性差异，（4）揭示了东亚季风区云参数与降水之间关系，（5）初步揭示了东亚季风区特定地区气溶胶对云参数及降水结构的影响。. 取得主要成果如下：（1）建立了云参数数据集、PR-VIRS融合数据集、云参数-PR数据集、PR-IGRA数据集等数据集，获得了极轨卫星搭载测雨雷达的雨团识别方法及雨团三维几何参数和物理参数的计算方法的发明专利。（2）揭示了多种降水系统的云参数与降水垂直结构之间的关系、云参数与地表降水强度之间的关系、降水云内大气温湿廓线特点、暖云发生降水时的云回波强度阈值。（3）揭示了夏季云顶不同相态（冰云、混合云及水云）降水云的空间分布及垂直结构、不同类型降水云回波顶高度的气候分布及其与地表降水强度之间的关系。（4）揭示了热带及副热带云砧空间分布及其辐射强迫大小、卷云的侧边界几何参数特征与物理参数特征及其辐射强迫大小。（5）揭示了季风活动强弱对东亚季风区对流降水和层云降水强度及面积变化的差异、南亚季风区与东亚季风区降水云内大气温湿结构及不稳定性的差异、中国东部及近海对流降水与层云降水的云内大气温湿结构及不稳定性的差异。（6）建立了潜热算法开发的基本数据集，发展了潜热反演算法（暖云潜热算法和深厚云潜热算法），实现了暖云、对流云及层云降水的潜热廓线反演。（7）揭示了中国东部与美国东部及其下风风向的近海区域气溶胶对云粒子有效半径及云水路径的不同影响程度、中国东部六种干洁大气环流与三种污染大气环流的环流型及污染物的来源。. 上述研究结果提升了我们对东亚季风区云和降水类型及结构与云参数之间关系、气溶胶对云参数和降水作用的科学认知。