全极化相控阵雷达波束形成与极化精确控制技术

Nowadays, a fully polarimetric phased array radar (PPAR) is the important trend of future multifunction phased array radar (MPAR), which has broad application prospect for meteorological observation and aerial defense. Array beam forming with polarization control is the foundation of polarization information observation and application. Because of the mutual coupling and cross polarization coupling of polarized arrays, the power and polarization radiation characteristics of polarized arrays are not independent with each other. It is difficult to synthesize beam pattern with accurate polarization for PPAR. Combined with the element type and array configuration, the radiation characteristics of polarized arrays are studied. The power and polarization characteristics of sum and difference pattern are revealed. The mathematic model of polarized array radiation attribute with mutual coupling effect is founded. Base on the array radiation characteristics, the sum and difference pattern synthesis with polarization control are studied for narrowband polarization array, which include planar and conformal arrays. Finally, for the wideband array synthesis problem, a wideband pattern synthesis method based on FIR filter structure is proposed. By this method, both the power and polarization characteristics can satisfy the design requirements. At the same time, the frequency responses of the synthesized pattern are flattened at all relevant angles. The research results will provide reference guidance for the application of polarized array in meteorological observation and aerial defense.

具有精确极化测量能力的极化相控阵雷达是未来多功能相控阵雷达的重要发展趋势，在气象观测和防空监视等领域具有广阔的应用前景。波束形成与极化控制是实现波束灵活扫描和极化信息精确获取与应用的前提和基础。由于阵列互耦和交叉极化耦合等因素的影响，极化阵列天线辐射电场的功率和极化特性并不相互独立，这将给相控阵波束形成与极化精确控制带来困难。本项目结合典型的阵元型式和阵列结构，深入研究全极化相控阵天线空域极化特性，建立互耦条件下极化阵列辐射特性的数学模型。以此为依据，从平面阵列和共形阵列两个方面，研究窄带极化阵列和、差波束形成与极化控制方法，实现波束的灵活扫描与极化的精确控制，提高目标极化和角度信息的获取精度。最后，针对宽带极化阵列，研究基于FIR滤波器结构的宽带阵列极化波束形成方法，抑制宽带极化相控阵的阵列互耦、交叉极化耦合与波束空间色散效应，实现合成方向图功率、频率与极化特性的联合控制与优化。

本项目以气象探测、防空监视、情报侦察为应用背景，瞄准全极化相控阵这一重要发展趋势，从全极化阵列结构等物理模型出发，研究了全极化相控阵天线辐射特性分析与建模方法，揭示了互耦条件下全极化阵列辐射特性机理。以此为依据，针对阵列互耦和交叉极化耦合难题，研究了全极化阵列波束形成与极化精确控制技术，提出了基于凸优化的窄带极化阵列波束形成和基于FIR滤波器的宽带极化阵列波束形成方法，解决了平面和共形极化阵列和、差波束形成与极化精确控制难题，能够提升相控阵雷达极化信息获取与处理能力，为极化相控阵雷达系统研制提供理论与技术支撑。