军用车辆高耗散油气悬挂流-固-热耦合理论建模与应用研究

Through extensive research on domestic and foreign research status, it is found that the vibration isolation performance of the military vehicle suspension system is far from the European and American countries. Under the extreme coupling conditions such as large load, strong impact, and wide temperature range, there are common technical problems such as insufficient performance of vibration suppression, distortion of display characteristics, and abnormal temperature rise leading to system failure, which seriously restricts the improvement of off-road mobility. In view of this situation, the high-dissipative oil and gas suspension of military vehicles is used as a typical research object to built the large deflection mechanical model of the damping valve annular thin plate under the impact load condition, fully considering the influence of the membrane tension, and deducing the thickness equivalent law of the valve stack superposition; The distribution of the velocity field under the state of high-velocity jets with deformed gaps is solved, and the parameterized model of non-instantaneous opening and closing of the valve is established; The mechanism of unsteady heat generation and transfer in high-pressure reciprocating gas-liquid media is revealed, and then the complete fluid-solid-heat coupling dynamics modeling and joint calculating methods of high-dissipation oil gas suspension is formed, to carry out comprehensive performance evaluation index system and parameter optimization matching research; The optimal solution to effectively suppress the heat balance temperature and greatly improve the vibration isolation performance of suspension is put forward, and the expected results have universal application value for the development of high-powered off-road chassis.

本项目通过广泛调研国内外研究现状，发现我国在军用车辆悬挂系统熄振效能方面与欧美国家相比差距明显，在大负载、强冲击、宽温域等极端耦合工况下普遍存在着减振性能不足、示功特性畸变、异常温升导致系统失效等技术难题，严重制约了越野机动能力的提高。针对这种情况，将军用车辆高耗散油气悬挂作为典型研究对象，构建冲击载荷工况下阻尼阀环形薄板大挠曲变形力学模型，充分考虑薄膜张力影响，推导阀片叠加组合的厚度等效定律；求解变形缝隙高速射流状态下的速度场分布，并建立阀门非瞬时启闭水击波震荡参数化模型；揭示高压往复作用气液介质的非稳态生热与传热机理，进而形成完整的高耗散油气悬挂流-固-热耦合动力学建模和联合计算方法，用于开展悬挂系统综合特性评价指标体系和参数优化匹配研究;提出有效抑制热平衡温度并大幅改善熄振效能的最优解决方案，预期成果对高机动越野底盘的开发具有普遍的应用价值。

随着现代化战争对高机动履带车辆机动性能要求的提高，悬挂系统作为行动系统的核心单元，其性能的提升显得尤为重要。项目重点针对现有军用车辆高耗散油气悬挂在宽温域、大负载、强冲击等极端工况耦合条件下普遍存在的熄振效能不足、阀系卡滞失效和异常温升等急需解决的关键技术难题进行了研究，主要工作包括：.1）开展了特殊载荷作用下环形薄板及节流阀片叠加组合的大挠曲变形基础性研究，克服力学模型微分方程组的固有病态，并完成了模型的修正。.2）通过边界层理论开展了缝隙紊流流量解析算法研究，并构建了流场分布的数学模型，将薄板挠曲变形与缝隙高速射流动态变化相结合，开展了瞬态冲击工况下的流固耦合动力学建模研究；针对阻尼阀系在启闭变形状态会引起液流水击波往复震荡的情况，探索非恒定流水击压强偏微分方程组的求解算法，提出了抑制瞬态液动力的有效措施，并开展了大功率阻尼阀的样机试制。.3）开展了高压往复作用气液介质阻尼与摩擦生热机理研究，探索振动能量耗散对系统内能变化的影响规律，构建了气液介质的非稳态热动力学模型并推导迭代算法，解算不同传热模式下的悬挂系统热平衡温升现象，并通过试验台架和热成像仪监测油气弹簧在冲击载荷作用下的温度场分布与实时变化情况，形成了具有适用性的计算方法。.4）将阀系薄板大挠曲变形、环形缝隙高速射流速度场分布与高压油气工作介质的温度场变化进行联合运算，开展流-固-热耦合的动力学建模研究，并制定悬挂系统综合特性优化匹配方法和评价指标体系，探索了提高熄振效能并抑制热平衡温升的最优方案，针对军事特种车辆形成了具有实际应用价值的悬挂系统设计方法。.研究成果对高机动越野底盘隔振技术的研制具有很好的指导作用，所开发的机电液联合多参数可调油气悬挂技术在轮履式坦克装甲车辆、无人智能移动平台、多轴重型运载装备、三代中型和重型战术军车等型号中得到了推广应用，产生了较为显著的经济、军事和社会效益。