三维机织共形微带天线结构变形机制与电磁学性能

Microstrip antenna, as the important communication component of smart structure systems, which structure stability and reliability are of great importance for its application and development.However, conventional microstrip antennas are easy to be delaminated and cause malfunction under the external impact, which become a severe obstacle for its development and application. To solve this problem, an idea of integrating the microstrip antennas to three-dimensional (3-D) woven structure was first demonstrated and realized by our research group. By the 3-D orthogonal weaving technique, conductive yarns and high performance fibers can be fabricated into antenna with specific dimensions and texture. Due to the unique delamination-free property of the 3-D textiles, the three dimensional microstrip antenna (3DMSA) could obtain excellent both mechanical and radiation properties. However, designing and manufacturing the 3DMSA with conformal structure, especially on a curved surface, is much more complicated than that of the traditional microstrip antenna. Therefore, investigation on the relationship between different conformal structure and the electromagnetic properties of the novel antenna is very essential. In this project, we will focus on the theoretical relationship between structural deformation mechanisms and electromagnetic properties of 3DMSA. Studies will be conducted in three aspects as following: 1) the influence of the radius of curvature, morphology of the antenna structure to the electromagnetic properties of 3DMSA; 2) establish the prediction model of the dielectric constant of the substrate by using dielectric equivalent circuit method; 3) investigate the texture deformations of conductive yarns at different conformal conditions and the influence mechanisms to the electromagnetic properties of 3DMSA. Based on the above research, High Frequency System Simulator (HFSS) software will be utilized to design and simulate the 3DMSA with different conformal structure. By comparing the experimental results and simulated results, performance of the 3DMSA can be optimized. Furthermore, effective and precise antenna designing program for the 3DMSA with conformal structure will be built. This study has a significant effect to the research of the conformal load-bearing microstrip antenna.

作为智能结构系统的重要通讯器件，微带天线的结构稳定性和可靠性对其应用和发展至关重要。但该类天线具有容易分层破坏而导致性能失效的致命缺陷，亟待解决。本项目以提高微带天线抗分层能力为目的，拟将导电纱线与高性能纤维织造成为新型的三维机织结构微带天线；采用空腔模型理论和HFSS电磁波仿真软件，研究共形情况下辐射单元和导电纱线的变形机制，考察曲面形态和曲率半径与天线阻抗匹配和方向特性间内在关联，揭示导电纱线织造结构、织造密度和排列方式对天线共振频率、回波损耗和方向图特性的影响规律；借助拓扑图形方法和介电等效电路法，引入三维机织复合材料体积单元，建立天线基质材料中高性能纤维和树脂材料的配置与其介电常数之间的预测模型。本项目旨在构建三维机织微带天线的共形结构与电磁学性能的理论关系，提出一套三维机织共形微带天线的结构设计、仿真模拟和性能分析方法，为新一代共形承载天线的发展提供理论方案和数据支持。

微带天线作为智能结构中重要的功能器件，应用非常广泛。但该类天线最大的缺陷在于容易分层破坏，而导致天线失效。本项目利用三维机织结构抗分层的优势，采用国际先进的三维织造技术，将导电纱线与高性能纤维织造成三维正交机织结构的微带天线。通过天线理论、仿真模拟和实验分析等方式，研究了辐射单元、馈电线和接地板的曲面结构与三维机织微带天线电磁学性能的理论关系；天线基质材料中高性能纤维和树脂体系对其介电性能的理论关系；导电纱线的结构变形与天线电磁学性能的内在关联。.在项目实施过程中，设计制备了圆柱面、圆锥面、圆球面共形的单辐射元以及双辐射元阵列的三维正交机织结构微带天线。同时，对织物结构的柔性天线和复合材料结构的硬质天线都进行了研究。通过高频天线仿真模拟软件对不同结构参数的三维机织共形天线的性能进行模拟优化，深入细致的研究了曲率半径、曲面形态与导电纱线织造方式对天线电磁辐射性能的影响规律。考察了曲面形态和曲率半径与天线阻抗匹配和方向特性间内在关联，揭示导电纱线织造结构、织造密度和排列方式对天线电磁学性能影响规律；借助拓扑图形方法和介电等效电路法，建立天线基质材料中高性能纤维和树脂材料的配置与其介电常数之间的预测模型，提出纺织结构微带天线的共形设计、仿真模型和分析方法。结果显示，三维正交机织结构的微带天线表现出优异的力学和电磁辐射性能。即使在15J 的能量冲击下，天线的结构完整且电磁学性能基本保持不变。. 基于以上内容的研究，申请人在《Composites Part A》、《Composites Part B》《journal of material science》等复合材料权威领域发表SCI论文13篇，其中一作/通讯作者12篇（注明为国家自然科学基金资助并标明资助号）。申请发明专利10项，授权专利5篇。综上所述，申请人完成了预定的研究内容，实现研究目标和预期成果。