核壳活性炭及其吸附性能与机理研究

In view of the difference between the powdered carbon and the granular carbon in the adsorption process and application, as well as the key scientific problems in the development of new technology to produce activated carbon with high adsorption capacity, multifunction, controllability and wide usage, the project aims to study the preparation, application and mechanism of activated carbon with core-shell structure based on core-shell structure theory. In combination of the advantages of both powdered and granular carbon, the research intends to prepare core-shell activated carbon with powder core and porous shell Meanwhile, the properties, including mechanics, optoelectronics, magnetism and catalysis, of core-shell activated carbon are modulated with the aid of the different action of core-shell structure as well as the addition of functional materials (such as molecular sieve) to the shell structure. Synergy will occur in the components of core-shell activated carbon, which can yield materials with diverse tunable structure and composition and, achieve the optimization of material properties and functional integration. By conducting research on the pore structure, adsorption and desorption properties, mechanical properties, surface chemical properties, mass transfer and diffusion in shell and core phases, and multilevel structures of core/shell activated carbon, the project will gain a deep insight into the mechanism of action, structure and morphology of core-shell activated carbon and their relationship with properities of material. The project aims to offer novel ideas and theoretical basis for preparing a multifunctional high adsorptive and environmental compatible adsorption purification material.

针对粉炭与颗粒炭在吸附过程与应用范围的差异性问题以及研发多功能、可控化、高吸附、应用广的新型活性炭技术的关键科学问题，基于核壳结构理论，进行核壳式结构的成型活性炭的制备、应用与机理研究。研究构建粉末内核、多孔外壳的核壳活性炭，实现粉炭与颗粒炭二者优势特征的有机结合，同时通过核壳的不同作用方式及在壳层中添加分子筛等功能性材料对核壳活性炭的机械、电光磁学、催化等性能进行调控。另一方面，核壳活性炭构成组分间产生协同作用，达到整体材料结构和成分的多样性及可调性，从而实现材料性能的优化和功能的集成。课题对核壳活性炭的孔隙结构，壳层与内核相中的传质与扩散过程，吸附和解吸、力学、表面化学等性能，及核壳多级结构进行研究，以揭示其中的作用机制及核壳活性炭的结构、形态特征与材料性能的关系，从而为研究开发具有多功能、高吸附、环境相容性好的吸附净化材料提供新思路与理论基础。

针对粉炭与颗粒炭在吸附过程与应用范围的差异性问题，研究利用核壳结构以粉末活性炭为内核，分别以粉末活性炭、硅溶胶、木屑、凹凸棒土，硅酸盐水泥和海泡石为多孔外壳制备了兼具粉末活性炭和颗粒活性炭优势的核壳活性炭。研究了构建核壳结构颗粒活性炭的影响因素，并进行了分析验证，探讨了核壳活性炭耐磨强度、抗压强度、吸附性能的主要影响因素，如核壳比例、壳层胶粘剂用量、热处理温度和热处理时间等。对核壳活性炭外壳和内核分别进行功能化修饰，实现了核壳活性炭功能的可控性制备。通过表面积分析仪、扫描电子显微镜等仪器表征分析了其结构、形态特征、壳层材料等，探明了其与吸附性能的内在关系以及壳层与内核间传质与扩散的过程机制。研究成果可为传统颗粒活性炭的生产与应用提供新思路及理论依据，同时可为研制新型活性炭以及功能可控、高吸附的新型炭材料开辟新途径。