青稞早熟性状的遗传分析与QTL作图

Hulless barley is the most distinctive crop in Tibetan Plateau, is the typical representative of plant adaptive evolution under extreme environmental conditions in Tibetan Plateau. Hulless barley is the first major crops, and also the irreplaceable and the most important food crops in Tibetan Plateau..Insufficient cumulative temperature has been the great factor which will deeply affect normal growth of hulless barley. Therefore, it is important ways for hulless barley that early maturity and make full use of heat resources can obtain stable and high yields, early maturity of hulless barley can avoid serious harm by early frost and ensure the normal growth..At present, study on inheritance and utilization of hulless barley major objective traits cannot meet needs of hulless barley cultivars improvement. Therefore, this program conduct research on genetic analysis and QTL (quantitative trait loci) mapping of hulless barley early maturity, the aim is to reveal the genetic pattern of hulless barley early maturity genes, and identify their dominant and recessive relationship by genetics, quantitative genetics and molecular markers. On that basis, constructing QTL map of early maturity in hulless barley, establishing experimental technology for molecular markers. Providing theoretical basis of the genetic improvement of hulless barley cultivars, and groundwork for separating and molecular marker assisted breeding of early maturity gene in future..It's feasible and imperative to open the related research of hulless barley based on the resources of the region and environmental advantage. Through this project, it not only can provide support for the barley varieties, also can promote research depth of the plateau characteristic crops. The research of barley's genetic and breeding using molecular breeding technology is rarely seen ,besides, the research breadth and depth on this filed is still not good enough, the related research work will fill the blank..Our research team has carried out the analysis of genetic diversity, the elite gene's identification, gene cloning ,the construction of expression vectors in vitro and the other molecular breeding technology work, which is a earlier and professional scientific research institution to bring molecular techniques into hulless barley research in the Tibetan Plateau area. With the matures application of molecular marker technology on hulless barley, It has lay the foundation for the next further study.

青稞是青藏高原最具特色的农作物，是青藏高原极端环境条件下植物适应性进化的典型代表，早熟是青藏高原热量条件差、积温不足的高寒农区青稞充分利用热量资源，获得稳产、高产的重要途径。本项目通过利用普通遗传学的方法对青稞早熟性状的遗传模式，通过QTL作图分析进行早熟性状的各个QTL的染色体定位、各个QTL对早熟性状表现的效应及其与其它基因关系等方面的研究，试图揭示在青藏高原独特生态条件下青稞早熟性状的遗传规律，为青稞早熟品种的选育提供理论依据，为下一步青稞早熟基因的分子标记辅助育种和基因克隆奠定基础，为实现青稞品种遗传改良的技术进步提供一定的支撑。

青稞是青藏高原最具特色的农作物，是青藏高原极端环境条件下植物适应性进化的典型代表，早熟是青藏高原热量条件差、积温不足的高寒农区青稞充分利用热量资源，获得稳产、高产的重要途径。以“达章紫×昆仑10号”所构建的F2世代为实验材料，通过青稞早熟基因的遗传模式分析和早熟基因的QTL定位两个方面的研究，发现青稞出苗—抽穗天数性状受2对具有加性—显性—上位性主基因影响，第1对主基因表现为部分显性遗传，第2对主基因表现为加性遗传。在2H、4H和7H上分别发现4个与早熟相关的QTL：2H上的QTL可解释表型变异的10.46%；4H上的2个QTL分别可解释表型变异的13.41%和5.33%；7H上的QTL可解释表型变异的6.31%。.通过项目研究工作的开展，发现了主效应较大的QTL，从理论上验证了“青稞的早熟性状在遗传上可能受少数显性主效基因和微效多基因共同控制”的猜测。对青稞育种实践的理论指导意义在于青稞早熟性状可在早代选择，并且连续选择对提高早熟性有效，同时也为青稞早熟性状主效基因进行克隆分离和分子标记辅助选育奠定了基础。