纳米多孔硅基复合材料的制备及其储锂性能研究

Si nanomaterial has been considerd as a kind of promising anode materials for Li-ions batteries due to its high theoretical capacity. However, its poor cycling stability and the complex synthetic methods have limited its application. The current work will design nanoporous structure and employ conducting materials to improve the electrochemical performance of Si anode material. A series of "Si-X-Al" (X=C/Cu/Ag) alloy precursors will be prepared, and then they will be further dealloyed selectively to obtain Si/X composites with different composition and structure. This work will investigate the effect of etching solution, etching time, temperature on the morphology and size of the product. And we will also disscuss the effect of nanoporous structure and conducting materials on their performance for Lithium storage. These researches are beneficial for developing the new ideas of designing Si nanomaterials, and promoting the application of Si material for Li-ions batteries.

纳米硅材料因其较高的比容量成为了新型锂离子电池负极材料研究领域的热点之一，但其较差的循环稳定性和复杂的制备方法阻碍了硅负极材料的实际应用。本项目着眼于结合纳米多孔结构和导电材料的复合这两方面的优势来改善硅负极材料的储锂性能，拟采用去合金化方法，选择性地腐蚀三元合金前驱体Si-X-Al(X=C/Cu/Ag)中的Al，制备出组分均匀的纳米多孔硅基复合材料Si/X。主要研究腐蚀液的种类及浓度、腐蚀时间、温度等因素影响产品形貌、尺寸等的规律，实现对产品结构的可调可控；研究所制备的负极材料的储锂性能，系统探讨多孔结构、所复合的导电材料的种类及含量等因素影响材料性能的规律，筛选出性能优越的硅基负极材料。本项目的开展不仅可以丰富硅基材料的制备路线，同时将促进硅基负极材料在锂离子电池中的应用与发展。

由于较高的比容量，硅材料成为了新型锂离子电池负极材料研究领域的热点之一，但其较差的循环稳定性和复杂的制备方法阻碍了其实际应用。本项目结合了纳米多孔结构和导电材料的复合这两方面的优势来改善硅负极材料的储锂性能。采用去合金化方法，选择性地腐蚀三元合金前驱体Si-Cu-Al、Si-Ag-Al等中的Al，通过调节腐蚀液的种类及浓度、腐蚀时间、温度等因素，可控制备了组分均匀的纳米多孔硅基复合材料Si/Ag、Si/Cu，并研究了所制备的负极材料的储锂性能，系统探讨了多孔结构、所复合的导电材料的含量等因素影响材料性能的规律。这不仅丰富了硅基材料的制备路线，同时也促进了硅基负极材料在锂离子电池中的应用与发展。