三维碳纳米复合材料的制备及其在电化学生物传感器中的应用研究

The development of recognition technology for cancer markers is all along in urgent need in early tumour diagnosis and screening.The present project focuses on the construction, properties, sensing mechanism and application of 3D carbon material-based electrochemical sensing platform. Due to the high conductivity, large specific surface area, high porosity and excellent stability, 3D carbon materials exhibit promising applications in electrochemical sensors. Here, structure-controlled 3D porous carbon materials will be synthesized mainly by chemical methods with melamine resin foam as precursor. The electrochemical sensing properties will be realized by the surface/interface functionalization of the as-prepared porous carbon materials. After detailed structural characterizations, the effect of surface structure of the 3D carbon materials on their electrochemical sensing properties will be studied and the electron transfer process on the surface/interface will be investigated. Taking advantage of the electrochemical activities of the functionalized materials, electrochemical biosensors will be fabricated for the detection of cancer markers with ultrahigh sensitivity and specifity. This project highlights the intensive investigation of the dependence of synthesis-structure-property-application of 3D hybrid carbon nanomaterials. From the results of this project, comprehensive and systematic understanding on the electrochemical sensing mechanism of 3D hybrid carbon nanomaterials will be achieved, therefore providing experimental data and theoretical foundation for the structure design, property manipulation and the practical application of 3D carbon materials.

癌症标志物的早期诊断和筛查一直是临床医学和分析化学领域的重大需求。本项目利用三维复合碳材料优异的电化学传感特性及其高孔隙度对生物分子的富集能力，通过研究三维碳材料的性能、传感机理及应用，构建基于三维碳纳米复合材料电化学生物传感平台。本项目将以三聚氰胺树脂泡沫为前躯体，制备结构可控的三维多孔碳材料，通过表/界面功能化使其具有电化学传感性能。研究三维碳复合材料表面结构对其电化学传感特性的影响，探索三维多孔碳材料表/界面电子传递过程；将三维碳材料进行生物功能化并优化参数，获得高性能传感界面，通过研究生物分子相互作用，实现对肿瘤标志物的高灵敏特异性检测；对三维碳纳米复合材料的制备-结构-性能-应用之间的相关性进行深入研究，研究结果将会对基于三维复合碳材料的电化学传感机理形成全面、系统性的认识，从而为新型三维碳材料的结构设计、性能调控及其在电化学传感领域的应用提供可靠的实验结果和理论依据。

通过本项目的实施，我们成功设计合成了多种新型杂原子掺杂碳材料和三维碳基纳米复合材料，掌握了制备结构均匀、性能优良碳基材料的实验条件和关键技术，并对其结构和性质进行系统研究。在此基础上，利用掺杂、化学修饰或化学沉积技术把功能纳米粒子（金属、金属氧化物等）等可控修饰于三维多孔碳骨架材料中，设计电化学传感电极材料。我们通过对上述材料结构表征和电化学传感性能研究，深刻认识了三维碳纳米复合电极材料结构与其传感性能之间的构效关系。在对电极材料结构和性能优化的基础上，针对不同待测物筛选出具有高选择性、高灵敏度和高稳定性的电化学传感材料，构建高性能电化学传感器。此外，在原计划的基础上，我们还开展了碳基材料的相关性能及其在电催化、电容、气敏等领域的应用研究工作。