基于微带贴片天线的高端装备承载部件结构健康监测关键技术研究

Load bearing structures are the most common structural bearing components in aerospace equipment, oceaneering equipment and intelligent manufacturing equipment, etc. The loading and inherent defects will easily initiate cracks during service, leading to structure failure and accidents. The study of low cost, fast, high accuracy detection method based on wireless transmission, and the real-time detection of strains and cracks in the key parts of bearing structures of the high-end equipment will be of great high economic value and possess great significance in research.. This project, based on the mechanism of microstrip patch antenna and the electromagnetic field theory, will establish a theoretical model of the electromagnetic radiation on the basis of multi-parametric microstrip patch antenna. The influence rule of the shape and size of the dielectric substrate material on the magnetic parameters of microstrip patch antenna will be revealed, and the interaction mechanism between the resonant frequency of microstrip patch antenna and the strains or cracks will be explored also. In order to develop a magnetic characterization methodology on measurements of strains and detections of cracks based on microstrip patch antenna, an optimal design method and development process will be proposed for the fabrication of novel microstrip patch antennas on the characterization of strains and cracks. Then, a new wireless microwave inspection system will be integrated by utilizing microstrip patch antennas, and the resonant frequency modulation of microstrip patch antenna will be adopted to characterize the strains and cracks. Calibration experiments will be carried out to quantify the strains and cracks. Finally, this quantitative characterization method based on microstrip patch antenna wireless system will guarantee the structural health monitoring (SHM) of bearing structures of high-end equipment.

承载部件作为高端装备（如航空、海洋工程、智能制造等装备）中最常见的结构承载单元，在服役过程中受载荷和自身缺陷影响极易萌生裂纹，导致结构失效。研究基于无线传输的低成本、快速、高精度检测方法，对高端装备承载结构关键承载部件的应变和裂纹进行实时监测具有重要的研究意义和极高的经济价值。.本项目围绕微带贴片天线工作机理，以电磁场理论为依据，构建微带贴片天线多元参数辐射电磁场理论模型，揭示介质基片材料和导体贴片形状、尺寸对微带贴片天线磁学参量的影响规律，探究微带贴片天线谐振频率与应变、裂纹的相互作用机理，发展基于微带贴片天线的应变测量和裂纹检测的表征方法，提出一种新型微带贴片天线应变检测传感器的优化设计方法与研制工艺，构建基于微带贴片天线的微波无线检测系统，利用微带贴片天线谐振频率对结构应变和裂纹进行实验检测，通过标定实验数据，实现应变和裂纹的定量表征，为高端装备承载部件远程无线健康监测提供技术保证。

承载部件作为航空、海洋工程和智能制造等领域高端装备中最常见的结构承载单元，受载荷和应力集中的影响极易萌生裂纹，导致结构失效。研究基于微带贴片天线传感器的快速、高效、高精度的材料应变/裂纹无线检测方法，对实时监测结构关键部位的健康状态具有重要的学术意义和工程应用价值。在理论建模与数值分析方面：围绕微带贴片天线的工作机理，以电磁场理论为依据，对微带贴片天线多元参数辐射电磁场进行了理论建模和数值仿真，根据波动方程，将平面电磁波的理论方程与矩形波导的边界条件相联立，确定了矩形波导的电磁波传输特性。根据腔模理论的边界条件和基本假设，揭示了微带贴片天线的谐振频率以及电磁场分布与其几何尺寸的关系，建立了微带贴片天线传感器谐振频率与介质基层材料、导体贴片形状和尺寸理论关系模型，提出了不同类型以及外观和尺寸的微带贴片天线应变传感器的设计方法；探究了微带贴片天线谐振频率与应变/裂纹的相互作用机理，发展了基于微带贴片天线的应变测量和裂纹检测的表征方法。在仪器开发方面：根据微带贴片天线理论模型，以谐振频率为指标，研制了不同类型（常规、倍频、RFID标签等）、形状（圆形、矩形、短路孔）和尺寸的多款微带贴片天线传感器，并分别建立了以喇叭天线为激励接收器的微波无线检测系统和基于RFID技术的无线检测系统，实现了被测材料不同大小及方向的应力/变和裂纹无源无线检测，有效提高了检测分辨力和无线检测距离。实验研究方面：利用倍频式矩形微带贴片天线传感器对应变和裂纹进行无线检测，应变最小分辨力为360µε，裂纹最小分辨力为0.2mm，无线检测距离可达20.5cm；利用圆形微带贴片天线传感器实现结构应变的全向性检测，应变最小分辨力可达15µε，无线检测距离为15cm；设计的短路孔微带贴片天线传感器，与相同性能参数的传感器相比，外形尺寸缩小了一半，更利于对狭小位置的应力/应变和裂纹检测；基于RFID标签的短路孔微带贴片天线传感器，将微带天线技术与RFID技术相结合，其应变检测最小分辨力为270µε，裂纹最小分辨力为1mm，其无线检测距离可达25cm，有效提高了微带贴片天线传感器的无线检测距离。通过应变与裂纹检测的实验数据标定分析，实现了应变和裂纹的定量测量，研究成果为高端装备承载部件远程无线结构健康监测奠定了理论与实验基础，具有很好的工程推广前景。