小尺度非跟踪耦合聚光光伏光热系统综合性能研究

Based on the building integrated solar energy, this project would adopt a novel concentrating way combining the total internal reflection, the specular reflection and the lens refraction, and innovatively design the Small-scale Static Coupling Solar Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal system, i.e., the Small-scale Static Air-gap Compound Parabolic Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal system (SSACPC-PV/T) to solve the problems that the flat plate PV/T is expensive and the output temperature is relative low, and the common solar concentrators are hard to be integrated with the building. This system can be operated without the tracking system, and has the small scale structure which can form the installment module similar to flat plate PV/T to easily be integrated with the building. This system has excellent optical performances which can save the quantity of PV and reduce the cost significantly. In addition, the system can provide electricity, hot water, building air heating and the higher temperature heat source for building heating, cooling and so on. . The project intends to adopt the method of the combination of simulation and experiment and to obtain the low cost and reliable performance of the SSACPC-PV/T system through the study of the structural design and optimization of SSACPC-PV/T, the coupling relationship and mutual influence of the static solar concentrator, PV output characteristic and thermal output characteristic, the south wall air heating characteristics and the impact on the indoor thermal environment of building, the annually performance predication of the system and the evaluation on the effect for the building energy consumption, which would provide theoretical guidance for the concentrating PV/T technology application for the building and has important academic research and engineering application value.

基于太阳能建筑一体化思想，针对平板光伏光热系统价格昂贵、输出温度有限及常见聚光器不易与建筑结合等问题，创新地采用全反射、镜面反射及透镜折射相耦合的新型聚光方式，提出了一种小尺度非跟踪耦合聚光光伏光热系统（SSACPC-PV/T）。该聚光系统无需跟踪，采用小尺度结构，易形成与平板PV/T相似的安装模块，便于与建筑集成。同时系统具有优良的聚光性能，可大幅降低光伏电池和系统成本，为建筑提供电力、热水、空气采暖及其他太阳能建筑采暖、制冷所需的较高温度热源。. 本项目拟采用模拟和实验结合的方法，通过对耦合聚光机理及结构优化，SSACPC聚光、光伏输出特性及光热转换三者关系，南墙空气采暖特性及对建筑室内热环境影响，系统全年综合性能分析及对建筑能耗影响等问题进行研究，获得低成本且性能可靠的SSACPC-PV/T系统，为聚光PV/T在建筑中的应用提供理论指导，具有重要科学研究和工程应用价值。

传统平板型光伏光热系统价格昂贵、输出温度有限及常见聚光器不易与建筑结合，为解决这一问题，实现聚光光伏技术与建筑的有效结合，本项目提出了一种新型小尺度非跟踪耦合型聚光光伏光热系统（SSACPC-PV/T）。SSACPC创新性的采用全反射、镜面反射及透镜折射相耦合的新型聚光方式，具有较大的光线接收角和较高的光学性能。该聚光系统无需跟踪，采用小尺度结构，易形成与平板PV/T相似的安装模块，便于与建筑集成。同时系统具有优良的聚光性能，可大幅降低光伏电池和系统成本，为建筑提供电力、热水、空气采暖及其他太阳能建筑采暖、制冷所需的较高温度热源。. 本项目采用模拟和实验相结合的方法，对SSACPC的光学性能进行了探索和优化，针对与建筑屋顶和南墙固定安装的不同特点，设计了适用于屋顶安装的对称型SSACPC和适用于建筑南墙安装的非对称型SSACPC。模拟和实验研究了SSACPC的光学性能、聚光光伏性能、辐照分布等聚光器关键性能，并以部分地区的典型气象参数对系统的全年综合性能进行了模拟研究；搭建了室外SSACPC-PV/T实验平台，对聚光PV/T系统的全天工作性能进行了测试分析；建立了聚光PV/T的数学模型，对SSACPC-PV/T系统的全年综合性能进行了预测分析；基于中国的实际数据，以非对称SSACPC-PV为例，开展了低倍聚光光伏技术的生命周期评价并和传统平板光伏技术进行了对比，研究发现低倍聚光光伏技术在生命周期内对环境的影响更小，能量回收周期更低，是一种更为清洁的新能源技术。系统具有良好的工作性能，为聚光PV/T在建筑中的应用提供理论指导，具有重要科学研究和工程应用价值。项目完成至今，共发表论文19篇，其中SCI/EI论文18篇，SCI论文16篇，EI论文2篇，其他论文1篇；申请发明专利4项，授权实用新型专利1项；培养硕士生两名。