基于双变网格三维局部精细模拟与物理实验的煤巷小构造地震超前探测研究

Conventional geophysical prospecting methods can't effectively identify size-limited abnormal geological structures before heading face in coal roadway. These size-limited geological structures are potential geological hazards. However, at present there is no long distance and high accuracy three-dimensional advanced detection method to size-limited geological structures. Among all the geophysical prospecting methods, seismic exploration methods have advantages of being sensitive to size-limited geological interfaces, high resolution and long detecting distance. Current theories about mine tunnel seismic advanced detection mainly concern two-dimensional models and detecting large scale structure. Mine tunnel seismic advanced detection requires further theoretical study..In this project, we will finely simulated the three-dimensional seismic full wave field of advanced detecting size-limited geological structure in coal roadway with time-space dual variable staggered grid high-order finite difference numerical simulation method. Kinematics characteristics and dynamics characteristics of seismic wave will be researched in three-dimensional coal roadway models. We will research seismic wave propagation principle and three-dimensional full wave field characteristics of seismic advanced detecting size-limited geological structures in coal roadway. High resolution long distance multi-wave multi-component three-dimensional seismic advanced detection theories and methods to size-limited geological structures will be studied. We will text the theories and detection methods with ultrasonic seismic physical modeling technology. Through these studies, we will provide theoretical basis and technical supports to accurate long distance whole space seismic advanced detecting size-limited abnormal geological structures in coal roadway. The key scientific issues of lack theories and methods to advanced detecting size-limited geological structures will be solved.

煤巷掘进前方的小构造异常成为隐伏的地质灾害隐患，而前期的常规物探方法难以有效探测。目前缺乏有效的长距离高精度的煤巷小构造三维超前物探方法。在所有的物探方法中，地震探测方法具有对小构造界面敏感和探测距离长的优势。当前矿井地震超前探测研究主要以二维模型为主，进行大尺度构造探测研究，缺乏小构造异常地震超前探测理论研究。.本项目应用先进的时空双变交错网格高阶有限差分数值模拟方法进行煤矿巷道小构造地震超前探测三维全波场精细数值模拟；研究三维煤巷小构造模型中地震波的运动学和动力学特征，查明地震波的传播机理与三维全波场特征；进行煤矿巷道小构造高分辨率长距离多波多分量三维地震超前探测理论与方法研究，应用超声地震物理实验手段进行理论和方法验证。为煤矿巷道中长距离、全空间、精确地震超前探测各种小构造异常提供理论基础和技术支持。解决矿井巷道小构造精细地震探测理论不足和缺乏三维精细超前探测方法的关键科学问题。

随着煤矿开采深度的不断加大和井巷工程掘进速度的加快，煤巷掘进前方的小规模构造异常成为隐伏的地质灾害隐患，容易引发灾害事故。而前期的常规物探方法难以有效探测。地震超前探测方法具有对小构造界面敏感和探测距离长的优势。但是矿井地震超前探测研究存在以下问题需要解决：（1）煤巷地震超前探测以应用实例研究较多，缺乏进一步的理论研究。（2）现有煤矿巷道地震超前探测技术大都源于隧道（洞）超前探测方法，难以适应煤矿巷道地质条件和施工环境。（3） 当前方法以大规模构造异常为探测目标缺乏小规模构造异常的地震超前探测方法。.本项目计划应用高阶有限差分三维地震数值模拟方法进行煤矿巷道小构造异常超前探测三维地震全波场精细模拟。研究内容如下：（1）煤巷小构造异常三维建模研究。（2）交错网格高阶有限差分三维全波场精细数值模拟方法研究。（3）煤矿巷道掘进小构造异常超前探测地震波传播机理与三维全波场特征研究。（4）小构造异常多波多分量三维精细地震超前探测理论研究。.通过该项目研究取得以下研究结果：.1、应用Visual Basic和C计算机语言开发了适用于windows操作系统单机版和Linux系统机群并行算法的含有异常构造的基于煤矿巷道三维数字模型建模程序和高阶有限差分三维地震数值模拟程序。.2、应用昆士兰大学超级计算机集群进行了大数据量三维模型的煤矿巷道掘进小断层超前探测三维精细数值模拟。.3、查明了煤矿巷道地下巷道环境和地质条件下煤层内传播的地震波波型、槽波的传播机理与三维全波场特征。.4、提出了巷道迎头激发在巷道两侧煤层内接收的Rayleigh型槽波超前探测方法。.5、应用Summit Ⅱ Ex 井下防爆槽波地震仪进行了工作面小构造实际探测研究。.通过该项目的研究，为煤矿巷道中长距离、精确地震超前探测小规模地质构异常造提供理论基础和技术方法。解决了煤矿巷道小构造异常地震探测理论不足和缺乏精细超前探测方法的科学问题。