Spermatogenesis, which is an extremely complicated and must be exactly regulated process, is the key step to continually produce enough sperm for the maintenance of male fertility. Recently, the essential role of miRNA in spermatogenesis has been demonstrated by depletion of the key components of miRNA biogenesis pathway in knockout mouse model. However, to date, few specific miRNAs have been shown to directly influence this process. To unravel the effects and molecular mechanisms of miR-29a on spermatogenesis, we have been constructed the germ cell-specific miR-29a over-expression transgenic mouse model and the infertility due to the impairment of spermatogonial differentiation have been observed in the miR-29a over-expression male mice. To demonstrate the molecular mechanisms of miR-29a on spermatogonial differentiation, RNA-seq will be performed to search for miR-29a target genes, and the function and target genes of miR-29a will be conformed in in vitro cultured spermatogonial stem cells. Finally, miR-29a expression levels in the testis biopsy of non-obstructive azoospermia or oligospermia patient and normal control will be examined. It is conceivable that sucessful carry out of this proposed novel study of miR-29a would help for better understanding the molecular mechanisms that control spermatogonial differentiation, which may implicate in the understanding of the pathogenesis of non-obstructive azoospermia or oligospermia and in improving the diagnosis and treatment of male spermatogenic obstacles.
精子发生是保证雄性个体持续不断地产生精子以维持生育能力的源动力,该过程极其复杂且受到严格调控。目前已有多篇报道通过生殖细胞特异性敲除miRNA生成通路中的关键基因而证实了miRNA在精子发生过程中的重要作用,但通过基因改造动物模型证明特定miRNA重要作用的报道却凤毛麟角。申请人在前期工作中成功构建了生殖细胞特异性过表达miR-29a的小鼠模型,并已明确该过表达小鼠因精原细胞分化阻滞导致精子发生异常而不育。为进一步研究miR-29a影响精原细胞分化的机制,本项目拟通过对过表达及对照小鼠的睾丸样本进行RNA-seq分析来寻找miR-29a的靶基因,并通过体外培养的精原干细胞进行miR-29a的功能和靶基因验证。此外,本项目将验证miR-29a表达水平在人类非梗阻性无/少精症和生精正常睾丸组织中的差异,为阐述生精障碍的发病机制和诊疗提供参考。
产生足够数量的精子对于维持雄性的生育能力是至关重要的,因此精子发生过程受到严格而复杂的调控。现有的研究已经充分证明,miRNA做为一类广泛参与基因表达调控过程的非编码小RNA,在精子发生过程中发挥着不可或缺的作用。并且一些体外实验已经证明某一特定miRNA在精子发生具体环节中的作用。然而,通过转基因动物模型从整体水平证明特定miRNA在精子发生过程中具体作用的报道还凤毛麟角。miR-29家族做为著名的miRNA分子,已经被证明在肿瘤,免疫和代谢等诸多病理生理过程中发挥重要作用。然而,目前还没有明确的证据证明miR-29家族在精子发生过程中的作用。本项目在国家自然科学基金的资助下,首先考察了miR-29各家族成员在睾丸生精的不同时期及不同细胞类型中的表达模式,发现miR-29各家族成员在各种类型的生精细胞中均表达,且表达量随小鼠发育逐渐增加,在三个家庭成员中miR-29a的表达量占绝对优势。因此,我们将miR-29b1/a的基因序列克隆到优化设计的条件性过表达载体中,并制备条件性过表达转基因小鼠。通过将该小鼠与Ddx4-cre工具鼠交配,我们得到了在生精细胞中特异性过表达miR-29b1/a的雄性小鼠。表型分析发现,自出生后14天起,该小鼠睾丸重量明显低于同窝对照小鼠且其生精小管结构明显异常。该过表达小鼠成年后精子数量显著下降,且完全不育。进一步分析表明,miR-29a不仅通过抑制增值影响小鼠出生后精原细胞种群的建立,还显著影响了精原细胞的分化。为了阐述miR-29a影响精原细胞分化的机制,我们选取出生后6天的小鼠睾丸进行RNA-seq分析,共找到244个差异表达基因,其中33个是受精原细胞分化重要调节因子RA调控的,这就解释了miR-29a影响精原细胞分化的机制。本项目首次从整体水平系统的证明了miR-29a在精子发生中的作用,并初步阐述了其发挥作用的机制。此发现进一步明确了精子发生过程的调控机制,同时对人类精子发生障碍疾病的诊疗具有重要的指导作用。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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