石墨烯智能路面自集能与自感知及电热特性研究

Based on the “Four Transportation” strategic mission of China and aimed at the self-energy-harvesting, self-sensing, and self-regulating scientific issues of the smart pavement, this project will investigate the loading capacity, durability, and service life of the embedded graphene smart devices by using the bio-inspired energy harvesting and Joule heating properties of graphene material and the sealing technique of fiber enhanced polyurethane material. The mechanism and influence rules of vehicle load, strain and temperature of pavement on its energy harvesting will be studied. Using the wireless electromagnetic technique, the wireless charging strategy of graphene smart pavement for electric vehicle will also be developed. Based on the piezoresistive and piezoelectric effects of graphene smart device and wireless sensing technique, the sensing mechanism and analysis of the sensitivity, stability and durability of the smart pavement on the monitoring of the full state of road and vehicle will be further studied. Based on the green-energy harvesting and sensing advantages of the graphene smart device, the green and intelligent self-regulating method of graphene joule heating membrane on deicing and snow melting of the pavement will be investigated. By using graphene material, this project will simultaneously realize the self-energy-harvesting, self-sensing, and self-regulating functions of the road, which will provide scientific and technic supports for the development of the “Four Transportation” strategic mission of our country, exhibiting very important scientific meanings and practical values.

立足于国家“四个交通”战略任务，面向智能路面的自集能、自感知和自调节的科学问题，本项目利用石墨烯仿生发电和电热特性，通过纤维增强聚氨酯材料封装技术，研究埋入式石墨烯智能器件的承载能力、耐久性及使用寿命。研究汽车荷载、路面应变及温度等因素对其发电能力的作用机理和影响规律，并通过融合无线电磁技术，研究石墨烯智能路面对电动汽车的无线充电技术；基于石墨烯智能器件的压电、压阻耦合式传感效应和无线传感技术，研究石墨烯智能路面感知特性的灵敏度、稳定性、耐久性及对道路全方位状态和行驶车辆动态监测的感知机理和解析方法；基于石墨烯智能器件的绿色集能和感知特性，研究器件内石墨烯电热薄膜对路面融雪化冰的绿色、智能自调控方法。本项目基于石墨烯材料，同时实现了道路的自集能、自感知和自调节等智能功能，为建设我国“四个交通”战略任务提供科学和技术支撑，具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。

立足于国家“四个交通”战略任务，面向智能路面的自集能、自感知和自调节的科学问题，本项目开展了智能路面的自集能、自感知、自调节先进材料及器件、智能器件封装材料及路面试验等研究工作。首先通过研究智能路面的核心传感材料，即超柔韧、超高灵敏度全碳气凝胶智能感知材料，突破了传统压阻、压电传感材料的传感精度和使用温度范围，并拓展其热管理自调节特性；研发了一种缺陷介导调控功函数的石墨烯纳米摩擦发电感知材料及器件，实现了材料功函数的连续大范围可调特性，大幅增强其摩擦电子传输性能，获得了高输出电压及功率的智能路面摩擦纳米发电传感器件。然后通过多尺度超结构设计与碳模板辅助陶瓷沉积制备方法，研制了智能器件所需新一代高性能陶瓷气凝胶封装材料，结合陶瓷材料纳米尺度柔韧化方法及可调谐负泊松比变形特性，实现了材料柔韧超弹和防火隔热等封装特性；进一步提出了陶瓷气凝胶材料的半晶质零泊松比零热膨胀超结构设计方法，建立了气凝胶封装材料的多物理场耦合静电纺丝低成本宏量制备方法，实现了材料超弹性、高热稳定性及防火隔热等优异封装性能，为解决智能路面器件的封装问题提供新的科学方法和技术途径。最后，通过在路面埋设具有超弹性和高压敏传感精度的石墨烯气凝胶智能器件，研究了智能混凝土路面的高精度传感、高承载力、高耐久性和高使用安全性等性能。本项目丰富了我国智能路面领域发展所需高性能自供电感知材料及智能器件新一代封装材料，研究成果也可拓展至航天、军事、土木等领域的智能感知、减振耗能和防火隔热等应用。