自稳定水基纳米墨水制备高效铜锌锡硫硒薄膜太阳能电池

Copper zinc tin sulfide/selenide (CZTSSe) solar cell is an emerging type of solar cell, benefitting from its nontoxic, abundant components and possible low cost manufacturing process. This project focus on synthesizing a novel green and stable CZTS nano-ink using water as the only solvent and through which to build a high efficiency and low cost CZTSSe solar cell. Aqueous processed metal chalcogenide complex [Sn2S6]4- and [Sn2S7]6- (MCC) were employed to stabilize the Cu/Zn sulfide nanoparticles and resulted in CZTS aqueous nano-inks stable for months. Through rational materials choice and annealing design, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen contamination was minimized in the final film. Through adjusting the composition, annealing techniques, doping experiments and absorber passivation, we aim at high quality CZTSSe film and integrated into a photovoltaic device achieving a solar conversion efficiency of 8-10 %. The innovation of green, stable, scaleable and quality-reliable aqueous CZTS nano-inks will further benefit the advancement of high-efficiency, low-cost CZTS solar cells. The innovation of this green, low-cost and energy-saving water-based CZTS nano-ink will further benefit the advancement of high-efficiency, low cost CZTSSe solar cells. More importantly, the idea of using aqueous processed MCCs to produce self-stabilized nano-inks opens a new door to fabricate multinary semiconductor films and devices from an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution-process. Therefore, the research proposal possesses great value in both science and technology, and is worth of funding support.

铜锌锡硫硒（CZTSSe）具有合适的禁带宽度，高吸光系数，且环境友好和廉价，是很有发展潜力的薄膜太阳能电池材料。溶液法制备CZTSSe太阳能电池相对真空法具有成本低，组元易控制，效率较高等优势。本研究工作将着重通过水基CZTS纳米墨水的组分优化、薄膜晶化工艺调整、微量元素掺杂和吸收层钝化处理等手段来提高当前电池（PCE=5%）的短路电流和填充因子，使目标效率达到8-10%。此项目具有以下优势：1）首次引入水基金属硫族化合物（MCC）进行络合以形成自稳定的CZTS纳米墨水；2）避免引入有毒、有害或昂贵的金属前驱体、溶剂和配体；3) 一步制备，无离心洗涤等步骤，实现简单、环保、廉价地生产CZTSSe电池。因此，本研究的立项能有力的促进CZTSSe太阳能电池向更环保、低价、高效的方向发展，并为新型半导体材料良性纳米墨水的合成提供理论和实践基础。

铜锌锡硫（CZTS）是一种新型薄膜太阳能电池，具有合适的带隙，高吸光系数，且环境友好和廉价，是一种极其具有潜力的太阳池材料之一。水型纳米先驱体墨水具有环保廉价的优势，制备CZTSSe太阳能电池相对真空法具有低成本，组元易控制，效率较高等的优势。研究工作重通过水基CZTS纳米墨水的组分优化、薄膜晶化工艺调整、微量元素掺杂和吸收层钝化处理等手段使水基CZTSSe电池效率达到9.1%。通过掺杂发现Na, Sb等元素能明显提升CZTS薄膜的结晶性能，同时显著提升荧光寿命。采用水合成金属硫族化合物（MCC），研究其稳定过程，开发了含硒的水基纳米墨水；对上述墨水进行器件优化，通过研究掺入钠锑等元素，提升电池性能到9.1%；理解良性溶液体系掺杂对材料薄膜的性能影响，尝试合成其它新型良性墨水电池。本项目促进CZTSSe太阳能电池向更环保、低价、高效的方向发展，并为新型半导体材料良性纳米墨水的合成提供理论实践基础。在上述工作中发表论文15篇，获批专利一项，培养硕博研究生5名。