农田景观格局与水稻害虫的天敌生态系统服务: 过程、机制、设计和验证

Based on the current success of conservation biocontrol-based ecological engineering approaches for management of rice insect pests in complex landscape rice production areas, this project will comprehensively use the landscape composition information from remote sensing data, extensively sample the habitats, plants, arthropods both in non-crop and in rice fields, and field and laboratory experiments, aims (1) to understand the ecological interaction networks formed by complex diversity and evenness and the process of the interaction networks on suppression of the populations of the rice insect pests; (2) to elucidate the mechanisms of population dynamics of rice insect pests under the regulation roles provided by the diversity and evenness of natural enemies which assemblages can be enhanced via the landscape complexity, and spillover from non-crop habits to rice fields in time, and (3) to design and promote the ecological engineering approaches for management of rice insect pests using habitat modification by increasing functional long period flowering nectar - bush plants, etc. in large scale rice production region of simplified agricultural landscapes.

在景观复杂性较高的生态系统中利用保育生物控制为基础的生态工程治理水稻害虫取得成功的基础上，本项目将从更大的景观梯度通过遥感卫星影像分析景观特征，进行大规模生境、植物、节肢动物天敌、害虫样地调查和实验：(1) 明确农田景观中由不同植物种类为基础构成的景观多样性和均匀度通过形成复杂的植物-植食者-肉食者生态网络，抑制水稻害虫种群暴发的过程。(2) 提出并验证农田景观的栖息地多样性和均匀度通过植被多样性、天敌在栖息地间的相互溢出等过程是促进水稻害虫天敌的多样性和均匀度，并有效控制水稻害虫的种群增长率、减少成灾概率的基本机制。(3) 在生境简单的平原稻区模拟设计并验证以种植特定格局的功能植被等生态工程技术为手段，强化景观多样性和均匀性，强化天敌的多样性和均匀性、定向溢出，从而提高对害虫种群的调控功能、将害虫种群控制在经济允许水平以下的，实现有害生物的可持续治理。

在景观复杂性较高的生态系统中利用保育生物控制为基础的生态工程治理水稻害虫取得成功的基础上，本项目从更大的景观梯度通过遥感卫星影像分析景观特征，进行了大规模生境、植物、节肢动物天敌、害虫样地调查和实验：(1) 明确了农田景观中由不同植物种类为基础构成的景观多样性和均匀度通过形成复杂的植物-植食者-肉食者生态网络，可抑制水稻害虫种群暴发的过程。(2) 提出并验证了农田景观的栖息地多样性和均匀度通过植被多样性、天敌在栖息地间的相互溢出等过程是促进水稻害虫天敌的多样性和均匀度，并可有效控制水稻害虫的种群增长率、减少成灾概率的基本机制。(3) 在生境简单的平原稻区设计并验证了以种植特定格局的功能植被等生态工程技术为手段，可强化景观多样性和均匀性，并可强化天敌的多样性和均匀性、定向溢出，从而提高了对害虫种群的调控功能、将害虫种群控制在经济允许水平以下的，实现了有害生物的可持续治理。