玉米收获机苞叶剥离与粉碎机理研究

Corn is main food crops, and plays an important role in Chinese agricultural economy. Further development of corn production was restricted and hindered by low production rate and popularity rate on mechanization of corn and production mechanization level. The technology of corn combine harvester accommodates current situation of the corn production system in China. The corn bract stripping and crushing difficult, however, is universal problem in these harvesters. Corn peeling device can not be effectively stripped corn bract and injury ear in stripping process is one of the main cause in the high harvest losses rate. Non-ideal bracts crushing effect is the main factor of affecting the performance for bract returning in corn combine harvester. At present, the mechanism of corn bract stripping and crushing has not been reported. Study on mechanism of corn bract stripping and crushing is closely related to its physical and mechanical characteristics and action mechanism of corn bract stripping and crushing which is the key technical problem in the research of corn bract stripping and crushing technology. In this project, the mechanical properties of corn and bract and the movement form, mechanism and key technology of corn bract stripping and crushing are studied based on the method of physical and mechanical performance experiments, physical and virtual prototyping experiments, theoretical modeling. The objective of this project is to design new style corn bract stripping and crushing device for corn combine harvester. The research result of this project can provide a new theoretical method to study on corn bract stripping and crushing.

玉米是我国主要的粮食作物，在农业经济中占有重要地位。目前玉米生产机械化程度和普及率不高、生产机械化水平低成为制约和阻碍玉米生产进一步发展的主要因素。玉米联合收获工艺是适合我国玉米生产体系的机械化工艺，但普遍存在玉米与苞叶难分离以及分离后苞叶难粉碎的技术难题。现有玉米剥皮装置无法有效的将苞叶剥离和剥离过程中伤果穗是造成收获损失率高的主要原因之一，剥离后苞叶粉碎效果不够理想是影响苞叶还田的主要因素。而目前对苞叶剥离与粉碎机理的研究还不多。苞叶剥离与粉碎机理和苞叶的物理力学特性、剥皮与粉碎元件的作用机理等方面密切相关，是苞叶剥离与粉碎技术研究中需要重点解决的关键技术。本项目采用基础力学试验、虚拟样机试验、物理样机试验和理论建模分析等方法深入研究玉米和苞叶的力学性能与运动形式、剥皮与粉碎元件的作用机理和苞叶剥离与粉碎关键技术，研制出性能更优良的苞叶剥离与粉碎装置。

现有玉米剥皮装置无法有效的将苞叶剥离和剥离过程中伤果穗是造成收获损失率高的主要原因之一，剥离后苞叶粉碎效果不够理想是影响苞叶还田的主要因素。本课题采用基础力学试验、虚拟样机试验、物理样机试验和理论建模分析等方法深入研究玉米和苞叶的力学性能与运动形式、剥皮与粉碎元件的作用机理和苞叶剥离与粉碎关键技术。苞叶剥离与粉碎机理和苞叶的物理力学特性、剥皮与粉碎元件的作用机理等方面密切相关，是苞叶剥离与粉碎技术研究中需要重点解决的关键技术。本课题紧紧围绕玉米收获机苞叶剥离与粉碎机理方向，进行了玉米苞叶物理力学性能试验、苞叶剥离与粉碎装置试验台设计、苞叶剥离与粉碎高速摄影试验,利用试验台进行实验室苞叶剥离与粉碎试验优化样机参数配合。苞叶剥离元件、粉碎元件、滚筒、玉米果穗和苞叶虚拟样机建模，对苞叶剥离元件与粉碎元件的作用过程进行虚拟样机试验并进行运动状态方程试验；苞叶剥离元件对玉米果穗以及粉碎元件对玉米苞叶剥离力试验，动力学建模，苞叶剥离与粉碎机理分析，为研制出性能更优良的苞叶剥离与粉碎装置提供理论依据。共发表论文20篇；申请发明专利13项，其中授权4项；培养硕士研究生4名（毕业），在校硕士研究生4名。