基于水-能耦合的长距离调水工程优化调度理论与应用

Long-distance water transfer project is an important measure to reduce regional water shortage through balancing the water resources spatially and temporally. The high operating cost caused by energy consumption in the long-distance water transfer process is a critical factor restricting the sustainable operation of the project. However, the energy consumption process is not well considered in the existing researches on the operation of the projects. As a result, the water-energy nexus in the water transfer process is still unclear. Current models are not supportable enough to reduce the high energy consumption in water transfer projects. Given above, this study aims to establish an optimal operation model for long-distance water transfer project in the context of water-energy nexus. First, a theory framework explaining how the water and energy are coupled in the water transfer project will be established. Second, an optimal operation model on water transfer and energy consumption with operation rules will be built. Third, the risk of water-energy nexus operation will be analyzed in the context of hydrological uncertainty. Finally, the understandings on water-energy nexus in water transfer project will be improved and the water-energy operation strategies will be proposed through applying the model in the East Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project.

长距离调水工程是解决水资源时空分布不均、缓解水资源短缺的重要措施，然而调水过程中的能量消耗所导致的高运行成本，是工程可持续运行的重要制约。现有调水工程水量调度研究缺乏对于能耗过程的描述，导致调水过程中的水-能耦合机制尚不清楚，相关理论和模型对于解决调水工程高能耗问题缺乏支撑。针对以上问题，本研究拟建立基于水-能耦合的长距离调水工程优化调度模型，研究包括: ①提出长距离调水工程的水-能耦合理论框架; ②建立基于调度规则的水-能耦合优化调度模型;③提出水文不确定性下的水-能耦合风险调度模式。通过模型在南水北调东线的应用，揭示长距离调水工程的水-能耦合交互机理，提出南水北调东线工程的水-能耦合调度策略，为工程的节能调度和可持续运行提供技术支撑。

本项目针对长距离调水系统的水-能耦合优化调控问题，解析水利工程水量调度过程中的电能消耗机理及其对水动力过程的动态响应机制，从泵站、渠道以及干线等不同空间尺度上建立调水量与耗电量之间的关系，建立了水库-河道-渠道-闸坝联合调度的水-能耦合多目标优化调度模型，并在南水北调东线工程进行应用，形成了一整套的南水北调东线水-能耦合优化调度方法。此外，针对长距离调水工程跨度广、覆盖流域多、来水条件复杂多变的特点，全面考虑了沿线来水的丰枯变化，对沿线调蓄湖泊可能出现的各类来水风险进行了数学模型的概化与描述，建立了风险条件下长距离调水的多目标优化调度方法，在此基础上初步形成了东线泵站群的风险调度的技术指南。