基于过程的冬油菜生长及产量花期渍害响应模型研究

Taking rapeseed as object, the space-time change patern in the relationships between growth and development, phsiological characteristics, yield, and yield forming for various rapeseed cultivars and waterlogging impact factors will be analysed under waterlogging at anthesis and various nitrogen levels using growth period observation, leaf number tag,and analysis of plant photosynthesis, biomass,root morphological parameters, and leaf area index, and response of their waterlogging at anthesis will be examed; the responses models of rapeseed growth and yield to waterlogging at anthesis will be developed adopting system analysis and mathematical modelling, and then the process-based responses models of rapeseed growth and yield to waterlogging at anthesis will be developed through combining Rape-CSODS developed by our group with the model developed in this study; using experiment measurement and adjusting of model parameters, model statistics test and verification with independent experiment data, and 1:1 chart, etc.,the model developed in this study will be further improved and perfected; the reseponse mechanism of rapeseed above-ground and root growth and development, phsiological traits, yield, and yield formation on waterlogging at anthesis will be illustrated adopting quatitative simulating using model developed in this study, various combination among sites, soil types, cultivars, and waterlogging degree.Through the above studies, the following two key scientifical issues: (1)the response of rapeseed growth and development on waterlogging at anthesis, and (2) the response mechanism of rapeseed growth and development, physiological traits, yield, and yield formation on waterlogging at anthesis, will be addressed.

以油菜为对象，拟利用生育期观测和叶龄标记方法、植物光合、生物量、根系形态参数及叶面积分析技术，选取不同类型油菜品种，在花期渍害胁迫和不同氮水平下，分析油菜生长发育及生理特性、产量及其形成与渍害影响因子间关系的时空变化模式，探究其花期渍害响应规律；采用系统分析方法和数学建模技术，建立油菜生长及产量花期渍害响应模型；再与本项目组已有油菜生长模型Rape-CSODS结合，构建基于过程的油菜生长及产量花期渍害响应模型；利用模型参数试验测定与调试、独立试验数据统计检验与校验及1:1作图等方法，分析所建模型精度，进一步改进与完善所建模型；利用所建模型对不同组合方案（地点、土壤、品种与渍害度）的定量模拟，揭示花期渍害胁迫下油菜植株地上部与根系生长与产量对品种与环境的响应机理。通过上述研究，拟解决以下两个关键科学问题：⑴油菜生长发育与生理特性及产量的花期渍害响应；⑵油菜生长发育与产量的花期渍害响应机理。

油菜是世界上最重要的油料作物之一，近10年常年种植面积2300-3300万公顷。中国油菜种植面积600-700万公顷，总产量1000-1300万吨。花期渍害是长江流域油菜产业带重大农业气象灾害，定量研究渍害影响下的油菜生长及产量，对预报油菜渍害影响、育种目标设计及其栽培调控等具有重要意义。. 本项目基于多年多点油菜品种、施肥与花期渍水桶栽、池栽试验，通过测定植株生物量、叶面积、生理生态参数、根系形态参数、产量及其构成等花期渍害响应数据，主要开展了油菜植株地上部生长发育与生理特性、产量及其形成与花期渍害间的数量关系及其对品种和栽培措施的响应与建模、油菜根系生长发育及形态特性与花期渍害间的数量关系及其对品种和栽培措施的响应与建模、油菜植株地上部生长及产量、根系生长及形态特性花期渍害响应模型与生长模型结合及其对品种与环境的响应等研究。. 通过研究，1. 阐明了花期渍水胁迫对不同品种与施氮水平油菜植株器官生长发育的影响规律，2.提出并定量了油菜地上部单株干物重、产量、产量构成、根系形态参数等渍害影响因子，建立了花期渍害影响模型；3.利用多年份、多种植方式、不同地点独立试验资料验证了构建的花期渍害下油菜单株干物重与单株产量模型；4.基于渍害响应模型与本项目组已有油菜生长模型Rape-CSODS结合，揭示了花期渍害下油菜植株地上部生长与产量对品种与环境响应机理。. 明确了花期渍水胁迫对不同品种与施氮水平油菜植株器官生长发育的影响，阐明油菜生长及产量花期渍害响应与环境条件及栽培措施等定量与预测规律。揭示花期渍害下油菜植株生长与产量对品种与环境的响应机理是基于花期渍害下油菜植株生长速率由品种遗传特性与环境因素决定，其定量本质是花期渍害下植株干物质分配与积累。油菜生长及产量花期渍害响应与环境条件及栽培措施等定量与预测规律在于，（1）花期渍害下油菜地上部单株干物重定量预测模型F_DW=0.018+0.040D_WL-0.002D_WL^2，DW_WL= DW (1- F_DW)；（2）花期渍害下油菜产量定量预测模型FY=0.016+0.055D_WL，Y_WL= Y (1- FY)；（3）花期渍害下油菜根系参数定量预测模型RP_WL= RP (1-F_RP)。