液态金属汽垫式脉动热管脉动流动及高效传热机理

To solve the high heat flux heat transfer problem, vapor cushion liquid metal oscillating heat pipe (VCLM OHP) is put forward for the first time. VCLM OHP can combine the efficient conduction heat transfer of liquid metal, the enhanced convention heat transfer of the pulsating flow under the vapor cushion effect, enhanced heat transfer of the local vortex and phase change heat transfer of thin film evaporation together. The current research focuses on the key scientific and technical problem of VCLM OHP. (1) The research will reveal drag reduction mechanism of liquid slug oscillating in the micro channel with the effect of wetting characteristic, vapor cushion, and vortex. (2) The research will also reveal enhanced heat transfer mechanism of liquid slug oscillating in the micro channel with the effect of thin film evaporation, local vortex and condensation on the liquid mental surface. (3) The heat transfer model of the VCLM OHP will be developed, which will help to understand the oscillating motion and enhanced heat transfer mechanism in the VCLM OHP. A 3D VCLM OHP will be fabricated and demonstrated in the same time. Research results provide a new idea and effective solution to the problem of high heat flux heat transfer, which enrich the research filed of oscillating heat pipe.

为解决高热流密度下的传热问题，首次提出液态金属汽垫式脉动热管，将液态金属的高效导热、汽垫减阻下脉动流动的快速对流传热、局部涡流强化换热以及细薄膜蒸发的快速相变传热有机的结合起来。项目通过理论与实验相结合的方式对液态金属汽垫式脉动热管所涉及的关键科学与技术问题开展研究，这将（1）首次揭示微通道内表面浸润性、微汽垫以及涡流作用下的液态金属脉动流动减阻机理；（2）首次揭示微通道内细薄膜蒸发、局部涡流以及液态金属表面快速凝结作用下的脉动流动强化传热机理；（3）首次建立液态金属汽垫式脉动热管振动传热模型，掌握其高效脉动以及强化传热机理，并研制三维液态金属汽垫式脉动热管，为解决高热流密度下传热问题提供一种新的思路与方案。

高热流密度及高功率下的热管理问题已成为高端电子器件发展的瓶颈。本项目针对液态金属汽垫式脉动热管进行了深入的研究。可视化研究了液态金属汽垫式脉动热管液塞脉动运行规律，发现了液态金属与壁面之间的汽垫和液膜。建立了液态金属汽垫式脉动热管液塞脉动理论模型，掌握了关键参数对液态金属汽垫式脉动热管液塞脉动的影响规律，揭示了液态金属对液塞脉动的影响机理。提出了动态临界管径，建立了垂直状态下超临界管径脉动热管的启动理论模型，揭示了超临界管径脉动热管启动及传热机理。进而研制了高性能液态金属汽垫式三维脉动热管，掌握了液态金属对汽垫式脉动热管内流动以及强化传热的规律，为大功率和高热流密度散热提供了新的解决方案。