双碟储热型斯特林太阳能热发电-苦咸水淡化系统研究

The project is based on the coupling system of distributed dish-Stirling solar-thermal powergenerationand brackish water desalination,which uses abundant solar energy to desalinate brackish water in Inner Mongolia and supplies power to small family homes.Taking the free piston Stirling engine as the research object,a tank system of ceramic matrix phase change PCM composite material and graphite heat storage was designed,and the heat storage and heat release efficiency of the heat storage material was experimentally studied.Process micro-finned tube heater and stacked mesh regenerator, research Stirling heat absorber, regenerator, hot and cold cavity working fluid heat flow overall performance.The four-stage nonlinear dynamic model was used to calculate the energy transfer of Stirling engine.The finite-time thermodynamics theory and the multi-objective optimization algorithm of krill were used to obtain the optimal path of performance.With heat power as the driving force,design systems of dish concentrated solar energy direct evaporation condensation desalination and new graphene membrane distillation unit desalination brackish water.The mechanism of graphene membrane module mass transfer and heat transfer, the mechanism of ultrasonic excitation and the enhancement mechanism of active mass transfer in drum are studied. Under non isothermal and non-uniform concentration field, the mechanism of temperature polarization, concentration polarization and flow drag reduction in momentum product dissipation is analyzed.A unsteady systemmodel of solar energy capture-absorption-storage-power generation-vaporization-condensation coupling system was set up to describe the matching relationship of each subsystem of light-heat-electricity quantitatively. Finally, the optimal operation of the integrated system was obtained.

项目基于分布式碟式斯特林太阳能热发电与苦咸水淡化耦合系统，利用内蒙古地区丰富的太阳能淡化苦咸水，同时为小户型家庭供电。以自由活塞式斯特林机为研究对象，设计采用陶瓷基体相变PCM复合材料和石墨蓄热的罐体系统，实验研究储热材料的蓄热释热效率；加工具有微肋管加热器和堆叠式丝网回热器，研究斯特林吸热器、回热器、冷热腔工质热流综合性能；采用四级多变非线性动态模型计算斯特林整机能量传递；采用有限时间热力学法和磷虾群多目标优化算法，结合实验获取性能最优路径。以热发电为动力，设计碟式聚光直接蒸发冷凝淡化系统，新型石墨烯膜蒸馏组件淡化苦咸水系统，研究石墨烯膜组件传质传热机理，超声激励和鼓气有源传质强化机理，分析动量积耗散在非等温非均匀浓度场削弱温、浓度极化及流动减阻机理。建立从太阳能捕获一吸收一存储-发电-汽化-冷凝耦合系统非稳态模型，全面定量描述光-热-电各个子系统匹配关系，最终获得综合系统优化运行。

内蒙古西北部地区太阳能资源丰富，含盐量5.0-10.0 g/L苦咸水分布较广。项目基于碟式太阳能斯特林机热发电-储能-淡化水小型综合能源耦合系统，实现能源多能互补、清洁低碳多系统协调优化利用。.项目设计了1 kWe双轴自动跟踪碟式斯特林发电系统，地面实验测试电加热功率、外部负载、模拟风速对β型自由活塞斯特林发电机（FPSG）发电功率和热电效率的影响，加热功率5 kW热电效率最大23%；搭建开口直径3 m碟式发电户外实验系统，完成聚光碟镜片调焦及冷却水匹配测试；设计金属泡沫铜+丝网小孔隙率面心体结构分层回热器，双参数分析法理论研究回热度显著性影响，搭建电加热振荡流实验台架，测试活塞频率、加热温度和充气压力下储热和流阻性能；设计内置叶型小翼、微肋U型管和环形肋片复合通道三种新型吸热器，数值模拟壁面非均匀热流密度流动、换热与阻力性能，获得强化传热微肋及通道最优结构参数，综合性能评价指标PEC最大值3.14；完成碟式聚光U型管吸热器户外实验，冬季严寒条件下，出口空气最高温度220℃，光热转化效率最高56.6%。.项目研究了基于新材料的海水（苦咸水）淡化强化传热传质机理。实验研究热电制冷膜蒸馏系统热-电-质性能，采用机器算法支持向量机及响应曲面法研究系统多目标优化协同效应；制备优异亲水性和高光谱吸收效率青砖-石墨烯、仿生碳材料等；设计3D倒圆锥结构、膜蒸馏+pDA-rGO-PTFE、碳化甘蔗等光蒸发器，实验研究了蒸发器能量管理、水输运及蒸发性能，蒸发速率和效率最高可达1.69 kg·m-2·h-1和93.8%；开展了新材料MXene、MoS2分子动力学机理研究。.项目设计了碟式太阳能热发电储能系统，开展了中低温新型多孔骨架陶瓷材料-石墨等改性复合材料制备表征研究，设计热能存储系统(TES)，管内拓扑优化雪花型等新型强化传热肋片，采用场协同、火积耗散理论研究石蜡相变储热传导与自然对流协同传热与减阻机理，解决了相变材料沉积、传热速率降低的问题。.项目研究为“储热型碟式太阳能斯特林热发电苦咸水淡化”工程应用奠定基础。