锂空电池钙钛矿型镧锶钴氧分级介孔纳米线电催化性能与机理

Li-air batteries based on mesoporous nanomaterials with high performance, integration, low cost, and free-pollution is advanced and crossed areas of new-energy technique and nanotechnology. This proposal focuses on the design and preparation of LSCO nanowire by template method, wet chemistry method, electrospinning method and so on, which can be used as (1) the catalyst of electrochemical reaction of Li-air battery, (2) the construction of single mesoporous nanowire device. The characterization of the products, such as phase, morphology, interfacial structure, element chemical environment, spectral feature will be done. Further, we will investigate the relationship between the material structure, pore distribution, pore interface, pore size, specific surface area,oxygen vacancies , very small polarity distribution, synergistic effect, and Li ion distribution, electrocatalysis, electron transportation, electrochemical polarization, charge/discharge, cycling reversibility. Consequently, we will reveal the intrinsic character of carrier transport and electrocatalysis performance, capacity fading of Li-air battery. To improve the property of Li ion intercalation/disintercalation of the system, the approaches will be adopted by controlled synthesis of material, ordered construction, uniform doping, performance control, heterogeneous construction, then the results will be optimize by genetic algorithm. This research will lay a foundation for the investigation and application of new type mesoporous nanowires Li-air battery .

开发基于介孔纳米材料的高性能、复合化、低成本、绿色化的锂空电池是新能源技术和纳米技术的交叉和前沿。本项目拟基于材料设计，结合模板法、湿化学法、静电纺丝法等制备钙钛矿型镧锶钴氧介孔纳米线，并以此为电催化剂组装锂空电池和单根介孔纳米线器件。表征介孔纳米线的物相、形貌、界面结构、元素化学环境、光谱特征等，原位测试介孔纳米线的电输运与本征电化学性能。研究材料结构、孔分布、孔径大小、孔界面、比表面积、氧空位、小极化子分布、协同效应与锂离子扩散、电催化、电子传输、极化、充放电、循环可逆性等的相互关系，揭示载流子传输与电催化、锂空电池容量衰减的内在本质。通过材料的可控生长、分级构筑、均匀掺杂、性能调控、异质构建等提高纳米线的脱嵌锂性能，并采用遗传算法对结果进行优化，为新型介孔纳米线锂空电池的探索与开发奠定科学基础。

开发基于介孔纳米材料的高性能、复合化、低成本、绿色化的锂空气电池是新能源技术和纳米技术的交叉和前沿。本项目基于材料设计，结合模板法、湿化学法、静电纺丝法等成功制备了钙钛矿型镧锶钴氧（LSCO）分级介孔纳米线、Li3V2(PO4)3/C分级介孔纳米线、Fe3O4/石墨烯多孔纳米线等多种高能量密度和功率密度的储能器件，并以此为电催化剂组装锂空气电池，呈现了优异的性能。. 基于锂空气电池的充放电机理，采用了多种方法优化电极材料结构设计来促进氧气扩散和电子传导过程的顺利进行。本项目开创了静电纺丝制备复杂纳米管工艺，可以不考虑氧化物或者无机盐的结晶生长方向实现复杂纳米管的可控合成，其中复杂纳米管多孔结构可以提供连续的氧气扩散通道，从而实现锂空气电池的稳定工作。此外，还制备了以泡沫镍为三维框架的钴氧化物纳米刷/石墨烯/NixCo2x(OH)6x复合材料，研究表明该结构既提供了氧气的扩散通道，同时，石墨烯的存在可以优化材料表面的电子传输，高催化活性的钴镍双金属氧化物还可确保电化学反应的顺利进行。.通过原位表征技术测试介孔纳米线的电输运与本征电化学性能。 研究了材料结构、孔分布、孔径大小、孔界面、比表面积、氧空位、小极化子分布、协同效应与锂离子扩散、电催化、电子传输、极化、充放电、循环可逆性等的相互关系，揭示载流子传输与电催化活性和稳定性、锂空电池容量衰减的内在本质。