海工Ni基CMMA/环氧涂层原位多尺度可控构筑及多场耦合环境防护机理

How to effectively control the formation of through-pore microdefects and prolong service life of coatings in multifield coupling environment become one of the most important hotspots and difficult problems in marine engineering fields. Based on multiscale coupled design and synergistic protection of multilayer, the microstructure modulation and performance are novelty designed, which can control the formation of through-pores, enhance corrosion and wear resistance, overcome many defects of the traditional coatings, and even become an effective way to improve the performance of coatings in marine environment. In this project, the CMMA/epoxy coatings have been multiscale coupled designed and prepared based on nanoceramic particles phase, nanoscale amorphous and nanocrystalline structure, microscale multilayer and multi interface structure optimization. Modulating the synergetic characteristics of multiscale structure, marine long-life corrosion and wear resistance CMMA/epoxy nanocomposite coatings will be in situ multiscale coupled designed and controllable constructed by electrochemical codeposition. A mosaic of amorphous nanocrystalline structure and CMMA multilayer multiinterface structure are constructed. Moreover,the influences of CCCD’s on the composition and structure of CMMA are studied. The microstructure evolution, service behavior mechanism, tribocorrosion dynamic characteristic and the interaction mechanism between wear and corrosion of the coatings with different structure will be investigated under the coupling influences of chemical/electrochemical, erosion/corrosion and microbial fouling in marine environment. Through in situ measurement of dynamic wear and corrosion parameters, the mechanism of formation, stripping of tribochemical reaction film and the influence of corrosion factor on crack initiation and growth are clearly revealed. The constitutive relations between the coating structure and seawater corrosion and wear resistance properties are discussed. Furthermore, the mechanism of synergistic corrosion and wear resistance is explored in seawater, the intrinsical relations between coating structure and performances are verifed. The results will provide theoretical basis for CMMA research and also provide new research ideas for performance design of new marine engineering materials.

如何有效抑制涂层贯穿孔微缺陷的形成，延长海洋多场耦合环境下涂层使役寿命已成为海工防护领域亟待解决的热点和难题。基于“多尺度耦合设计”和“跨界多层协同防护”的微结构调控和性能设计，可抑制涂层贯穿孔形成，增强耐蚀耐磨性，从而克服传统涂层的诸多弊端，成为提高涂层防护性能的有效途径。本项目拟通过CMMA多层、纳米尺度非晶镶嵌纳米晶结构与纳米陶瓷颗粒相复合，设计CMMA/环氧防护层，调控多尺度协同特性，采用电化学沉积实现长寿命耐蚀耐磨CMMA/环氧复合涂层多尺度耦合设计和可控构筑。研究CMMA组成、结构与性能影响规律，探究多场耦合作用下涂层微结构演变规律和服役行为。采用电化学腐蚀与动态摩擦原位测量技术，研究腐蚀因素对微裂纹萌生和扩展的影响，阐明腐蚀磨损交互作用机制，明确涂层组分结构与性能间的本构关系，进一步揭示涂层协同防护内在机理。课题将为CMMA研究提供理论基础，为海工新材料性能设计提供新的思路。

有效抑制涂层贯穿孔微缺陷的形成，增强耐蚀耐磨一体化性能，延长多场耦合环境涂层使役寿命是当前海工防护领域的热点和难题。本项目基于多尺度设计和多层协同防护研究思路，进行涂层微结构调控和性能设计研究。采用金属多层和有机涂层相结合的方式，制备金属基纳米复合CMMA结构，优化非晶纳米晶相及纳米粒子增强相，协同提高材料的一体化性能。研究了BN，SiC，Al2O3，TiN，TiC，ZrO2等纳米粒子对Ni-W,Ni-B，Ni-Co，Ni-Cu合金微观结构与耐蚀耐磨性能的影响规律，探索多层结构和微观组织优化对其性能的影响。研究成分可调制多层合金和纳米粒子增强技术提高耐蚀耐磨一体化性能，优化工艺分布，CMMA涂层结构精确调控等关键问题，建立涂层多尺度结构与制备工艺的本构关系，为实现金属-有机防护层制备过程微结构精确控制提供研究基础。探讨了工艺参数与镀层微结构演变规律，耐蚀与耐磨作用机制及其协同防护机理，揭示了环境微损伤行为的演变规律和机理。研究了CMMA组成、结构与性能的影响规律，探究了多场因素作用下涂层微结构演变规律和服役行为。研究了腐蚀因素对微裂纹萌生和扩展的影响，明确了涂层组分结构与性能间的本构关系，进一步揭示涂层协同防护内在机理。另外，微观表面缺陷也可采用有机涂层进行封闭处理，可有效提高防护体系性能和寿命。研究发现，不同的合金基体具有不同电沉积工艺规律和粒子强化效应，相关机制具有一定相似性，但不可直接借鉴，目前仍需要针对不同的基质采用不同的优化措施。项目研究目前仍处于理论研究阶段，预计在海洋防护、化工行业、航空航天、汽车电子，高温材料、精密机械等领域都有着潜在的应有价值，可用于内燃机内壁，耐磨泵，石油钻头，航空耐高温耐摩擦部件，汽车耐蚀件，高耐耐磨机械，高温部件，密封阀门连接件，燃料电池等产品。该项目将为CMMA结构研究提供理论基础，为海工新材料设计提供新的思路。