基于通风效能模拟的城市绿色空间形态与布局研究——以武汉为例

A good ventilation is the key way to achieve ideal microclimate environment for the city. Currently, it has a full comprehension and abundant application in utilizing the ventilation corridor to improve the urban air mobility and mitigate the urban heat island. Nonetheless, there are a few researches on the ventilation efficiency of urban underlying surface elements. As an important carrier of urban ventilated corridor, it is still unclear for the fluid air exchange and interaction between the layout of urban green space and the surrounding built-up area. As a result, strengthening research on the ventilation efficiency of urban green space is of great significance to improve the scientificity and normalization of urban ventilated corridor planning. Wuhan City is the most rapidly urbanizing metropolis in Central China. This project uses Wuhan City as a case study to assess the coupling mechanism between the urban green space and ventilation efficiency from the levels of individual form and overall layout by integrating spatial information technology and numerical simulation. Then, the urban green space management and control system will be explored based on the integration of ventilation efficiency, space form and quantitative indicator. And the spatial layout structure of urban green space based on ventilation network will be expounded. The present investigation aim to identify and optimize the ventilation efficiency of urban green space.

良好的通风是城市获得理想微气候环境的关键途径。尽管目前利用城市通风廊道提升空气流动性、缓解热岛效应得到了充分认识和运用，但针对其下垫面构成要素通风效能的机理研究较少。尤其绿色空间作为城市通风廊道的重要载体，其形态布局与周边建成区域间的气流交换以及相互影响机制方面仍然不是十分清晰。因此，加强城市绿色空间通风效能研究对于提高城市通风廊道规划的科学性和规范性具有重要意义。本项目以武汉市为例，综合运用空间信息技术与数值模拟技术，从个体形态与整体布局两个层面，研究城市绿色空间与通风效能的耦合机制，探索“通风效能-空间形态-量化指标”为一体的城市绿色空间形态管控体系，阐明基于通风网络构建的城市绿色空间布局模式，以期为城市绿色空间的通风效能辨识与优化提供新视角、新途径。

在高密度、高强度、高速度的城市建设模式下，城市内部空气流动性呈现普遍下降趋势。因此，借助城市绿色空间布局与网络构建促进城市内部通风效能提升已成为当前城市科学研究领域重要内容。本项目以城市蓝绿空间为研究对象，综合运用气象站点观测、CFD数值模拟、中尺度WRF模式等多种技术，从个体形态与整体布局两个层面，研究城市蓝绿空间与通风效能的耦合机制，探索“通风效能-空间形态-量化指标”为一体的城市绿色空间形态管控体系。项目执行期间取得了以下研究成果：定量揭示了城市公园绿地周边区域、滨江街区建成环境空间形态特征对通风环境的影响机理；阐明了城市热岛与地形风、湖陆风等局地环流间的耦合机理及关联性；揭示了树木形态特征对街道峡谷内部污染场、人体热舒适的调控机制；提出了一套基于形态参数法的城市局部通风效能分区体系；系统总结了面向凉爽城市的冷岛景观特征优化与空间镶嵌布局、通风廊道网络连通与界面管控的规划学途径。项目成果为我国推进应对气候问题的城市通风环境规划设计理论与方法创新提供一定的支撑。