数字化天顶望远镜观测误差修正研究

The first Digital Zenith Telescope (DZT) prototype of China was successfully developed by Group of Research on Astronomical Factors for Great Natural Disaster of National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Geomatics College of ShanDong University of Science and Technology at the end of 2011. Compared with classical astrometric telescopes, DZT features small size, high automation, high accuracy and low cost. It can be used for celestial fixing, deflection of the vertical rapid determination, autonomous ERP (Earth Rotation.Parameters) measurement and local plumb line variations monitoring for earthquake prediction research. High accuracy pursued by astrometric telescopes is the key factor for DZT to play the significant role in related areas. This project is planned to study the errors existing in instrument structure, process of observation as well as data processing. Based on the characteristics of each error, research into corresponding error correction methods to enhance the measurement accuracy to the highest degree, which will make DZT be used in more areas better and make outstanding contribution for astronomy, geoscience, space science and etc.

2011 年国家天文台重大自然灾害的天文因素研究团组与山东科技大学测绘学院合作成功研制了我国第一台数字化天顶望远镜（DTZ，Digital Zenith Telescope）样机。与经典天体测量望远镜相比，DZT 具有体积小、自动化程度高、观测效率高、精度高及成本低等优点，可以用于天文定位导航、垂线偏差快速测定、ERP（Earth Rotation Parameters，地球自转参数）测量、地方铅垂线变化及地震预测研究。天体测量望远镜追求高精度，测量精度是决定DZT 能否在相关领域发挥其应有的重要作用的关键因素。本项目主要研究DZT 仪器本体各个部分、观测过程各环节及观测数据处理各个步骤中存在的影响最终观测结果的误差来源，并根据各误差的特点，研究相应的误差修正方法，以最大限度提高仪器的观测精度，使DZT 得到更好更广泛的应用，为天文学、地球科学、空间科学等做出应有的贡献。