剪切响应型原油减阻剂的制备及管道剪切控释研究

In order to solve the problem that crude oil drag reducers are likely to undergo shear degradation, the unique “on-off mode” that shear responsive polymer showed in shear filed which is carried on the shear responsive polymer was used to achieve smart transport of crude oil drag reducer in the long range pipe delivered oil, and supply enough drag reducer to meet the need in pipe transport, so as to achieve the goal that reduce the frequency of adding reducer and increase the utilization rate of the reducer. Polymer that meet the need in strength of pipe transport is selected by substituting shear factor into grouped molecular kinetics model, and calculating the strength by modifying the shear responsive polymer in computer. Mechanism and rules of morphology transformation under shear stimuli of polymer is studied by combining ATRP, ROP and click chemistry technology to synthesis shear responsive polymer with regular structure and clearly unit number. The effect of different Renault number, velocity ratio and saturation to loading mass of drag reducer, vesicles thickness and performances of shear burst are studied by the strengthening self-assembly of macromolecular and polymer through chemical industry micro reactor, and the fast-controllable-synthesis of drag reducer vesicles covered with shear responsive polymer. Indoor loop pipeline evaluation device is introduced to evaluate the actual shear release of shear reducer and to study the long term controlled-release effect of shear responsive polymer to shear reducer and prepare for the application of crude oil transportation in ultra-long pipeline.

针对原油减阻剂易剪切降解失效难题，本项目以剪切响应聚合物为载体，利用剪切响应聚合物在剪切场所表现出来特有的“开－关模式”，实现长距离管输油品中对原油减阻剂的智能递送，满足管道对减阻剂的需求与供应同步，从而达到减少给剂次数、提高减阻剂利用率的目的。将剪切因子带入粗粒化分子动力学模型，对剪切响应聚合物进行计算机模拟，筛选适合管道剪切强度的聚合物。结合ATRP、ROP和点击化学技术合成结构规整、单元数明确的剪切响应聚合物，研究共聚物在剪切刺激下的形貌转变规律及机理，为新型剪切响应聚合物分子设计和调控提供依据。采用化工微反应器强化大分子与高分子减阻剂自组装，快速可控制备剪切响应聚合物包覆的减阻剂囊泡，研究雷诺数、流速比、过饱和度等对减阻剂装载量、囊泡厚度及剪切突释性能的影响。采用室内环道装置对减阻剂实际剪切释放行为进行评价，研究剪切响应聚合物对减阻剂长效缓控释作用，为长输原油管道实际应用做准备。

本项目以丁基缩水甘油醚（BGE）、异丙基缩水甘油醚（GIE）、2-氯-4,6-二乙基氨基-[1,3,5]-三嗪（CDAT）、2,4-二(二甲氨基)-6-氯-[1,3,5]-三嗪（BDAT）、2-氯-4,6-双(4-羧基苯基氨基)-1,3,5-三嗪（CCAT）、2-氯-4,6-二(异丙胺基)-[1,3,5]-三嗪（CIAT）、2-氯-4,6-二(羧甲基氨基)-[1,3,5]-三嗪（CDT）为醚化剂合成了一系列环境刺激响应聚合物，借助核磁共振（NMR）和傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）等手段对得到的聚合物结构进行了结构表征。利用紫外光谱、Zeta电位和动态光散射（DLS）等手段对制备的聚合物进行了溶液性质测定，详细测试了聚合物溶液在剪切力、温度、盐、pH等外界刺激下的相分离行为。根据聚合物的溶液特性，我们也提出了一些新的科学概念，如“吸附到絮凝的转变”、“单向记忆材料”和“流体聚合物”等。此外，我们也进一步探索了所制备聚合物的最佳应用领域。最后，我们利用受限撞击流反应器（CIJ）和多通道涡流反应器（MIVM），研究了流场对纳米粒子形成及微纳结构的影响，为微反应器强化大分子自组装奠定了基础。