泛喜马拉雅地区翠雀属(毛茛科)的分类学研究

The Pan-Himalayan region is the largest distribution center of Delphinium L. (Ranunculaceae), with over 160 species having already been recorded to occur there. The taxonomy of the genus is notoriously difficult because of its most complicated variation patterns in morphological characters and the poor correlation of characters. This is particularly apparent for those species in the Pan-Himalayan region where the unique alpine habitats have resulted in prevalent adaptative convergent evolution, and many taxa appear to be most closely similar to each other. Moreover, previous taxonomic treatments of Delphinium in the region have been mainly based on rather limited herbarium material (many new species were described from only a single collection, i.e., the type collection) and basically regional, lacking intensive field observations at population level and not dealing with all the species in the region as a whole. Consequently, the understanding of the character variations is far from sufficent. Some characters unsuitable to be used as diagnostic have been adopted as such. This situation has caused a large number of cases in which the plants described as "species" by earlier authors are proved to be no more than extreme variants connected by diverse intermediate forms, and some names have long been misapplied. This project is to address all these basic taxonomic problems of Delphinium from the whole Pan-Himalayan region. After a critical survey of the relevant literature and herbarium specimens, intensive field observations, and an in-depth investigation of all the major macro- and micro-morphological characters, and chromosomal charcters as well, we will carefully evaluate variation patterns of all these characters and determine their taxonomic applicability at species level. Our taxonomic decisions will be made strictly based on the results of our assessment of characters. This project, by producing a thorough, monographic revision of Delphinium from the Pan-Himalayan region, will greatly help to build up a sound taxonomic framework for future studies of the phylogeny, evolution, origin, biogeography, and DNA barcoding of the genus, and will also provide a large amount of reliable taxonomic information for the reasonable utilization and effective protection of the germplasm resources of the genus in the region.

泛喜马拉雅地区是翠雀属(毛茛科)最大的分布中心，目前记录种类达160余种。翠雀属植物形态变异式样复杂，性状缺少相关性；泛喜马拉雅高山生境导致不少种类在形态上趋同；以前的学者对有关形态变异式样缺乏深入分析和理解，常在只有模式标本和没有进行野外居群观察的情况下描述大量新种(其中多数仅为被各种中间类型连接的极端变异类型)，且很少将该地区翠雀属作为一个整体来研究；一些具有潜在分类价值的性状研究存在空白。因此目前该地区翠雀属还存在大量分类学问题(名实不符、新分类群不能成立等)。本项目拟将文献考证、标本室研究、野外考察和实验室工作密切结合，基于居群水平上对各主要宏观和微观形态性状的分析，阐明性状变异式样，确定性状的分类学价值，以实现种和种下等级的正确划分，从而完成对该地区翠雀属专著水平的分类学修订。本项目的开展将为以后研究翠雀属的系统发育和进化等问题奠定基础，为利用和保护该属植物资源提供分类学资料。

基于文献考证、标本室研究和野外活植物考察，本项目对泛喜马拉雅地区的翠雀属（毛茛科）进行了全面的分类学修订，同时开展了细胞学和分子系统学研究。我们全面查阅了泛喜马拉雅地区翠雀属的分类学文献，检查了国内外各主要标本馆的该地区翠雀属植物标本或标本图像，观察了61种共560余个野外居群，在此基础上对泛喜马拉雅地区翠雀属植物各主要形态性状进行了分析，确定叶片分裂程度、花梗毛被、花序类型、退化雄蕊颜色、心皮数目及毛被等特征是种级水平上比较可靠的分类性状。根据形态性状分析结果，我们将80余个名称处理为异名。我们对泛喜马拉雅地区68种、5变种共146个居群的翠雀属植物进行了染色体研究。结果表明该地区绝大部分种类均为二倍体（2n = 16），多倍化在该地区翠雀属物种形成中未起主要作用。我们以泛喜马拉雅地区72种共90居群作为多年生翠雀属植物的代表，利用6个叶绿体片段（psbD-trnTGGU、 psbM-trnDGUC、 petN-psbM、 rpoB-trnCGCA、psbE-petL、 trnLUAA-trnFGAA）和1 个单拷贝核基因（DleAP3-1）序列数据进行了翠雀属系统发育分析，并据此探讨了退化雄蕊颜色和种子形态等性状的演化式样，对目前翠雀属的分类系统进行了评述。 本项目的开展为以后研究翠雀属的系统发育和进化等问题奠定了基础，为合理利用和有效保护该属植物的种质资源提供了可靠的分类学基础数据。