城市等级与生产性服务业发展的互动关系研究

It has been proved that the urban hierarchy correlates with the developing level of the producer services industry: the higher the urban hierarchy reaches, the more advanced producer services development gets into. But the detail interactive relationship between the urban hierarchy and the developing level of the producer service industry, which include the impact to the status and development of producer services from the urban hierarchy, the impact to the changing of urban hierarchy from the upgrading of producer services function, and the influence to the industrial reconstruction, globalization and modernization from the interaction between urban hierarchy and producer services development, etc, is far from clear..In order to find out how urban hierarchy interact with the producer services industry development, the project plan to divide the producer services development into three index: the exploration of services, the spatial organization of each branch in large-scale service corporations, and the industrial linkage between the corporations within the services agglomeration. After the literatures review, a more detail index system for these three index will be formed. According to the analysis of corporations' behavior, the project tends to put forward a framework for the study of interactive relationship between urban hierarchy and the developing level of producer service industry. The approach of corporation behavior analysis distinguishes with the traditional approach of value and employee analysis. The data from the corporation questionnaires and interview are important for the research. Besides of the survey data, the panel data from all kind of statistic books are needed. Four cities, HongKong, Guangzhou,Suzhou and Huizhou, which stand for four different urban hierarchies and distribute in two developed region of China, the Great Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta, are chosen for the case study. And two service industries, the finance and the business services, are chosen as the case industries. The producer services in Hong Kong will also be analyzed for its experience and its cooperation with Guangdong Province..As the western scholar mentioned, the corporation survey approach is very important for the further study of producer services. So, the project based on the corporations' behavior analysis will get a new view for the study of relationship between urban hierarchy and producer services development in urban geography. And the conclusions will be more practicable than that gets from the analysis of normal statistic data.

城市等级与生产性服务业发展水平存在相关关系，但其具体互动关系，即"城市等级高低对生产性服务业定位与发展的影响，生产性服务功能的提升对改变城市等级的影响，此互动影响对推进城市全球化和产业重构的作用"，则仍未明确。 .本研究以香港、广州、苏州和惠州等四个城市等级和生产性服务业发育程度存在差异的城市为例，针对金融业和商务服务业等两类行业，从微观企业分析入手，结合面上的经济统计数据，以企业输出能力、跨地区服务企业的空间组织、服务业集聚区内企业的前后向联系等三方面指标反映生产性服务业发展水平，研究"城市等级与生产性服务业发展如何相互影响"这一科学问题。 .结合城市体系理论、产业集群理论和区位论等相关理论，对不同等级城市的分析结论做横向比较，有助完善服务业地理的研究体系。基于企业微观分析的研究思路有助打造城市与产业发展关系研究的新视角；亦使结论比基于常规产业发展指标的分析结论更具实践指导性。

服务经济时代，生产性服务业作为城市经济增长的新动力的作用日益明显，本项目旨在针对香港、广州、苏州、惠州等四个不同等级城市的研究，构建城市与生产性服务业发展关系的研究框架，探析城市等级与生产性服务业发展的互动关系，进而基于互动关系研究的发现，总结城市与服务业发展的相应策略。. 通过文献阅读，项目构建了包含经济转型理论、产业经济增长理论和城市体系理论相结合的理论分析框架。依托对广州、苏州的金融、商务及科技服务企业所开展的近700份企业调查问卷、各类统计数据和实地调研数据，对城市等级与生产性服务业发展的相互关系、不同等级城市的生产性服务输出特征、生产性服务业集聚区的服务输出特征、跨境的城市间的服务业合作、与城市等级相对应的生产性服务业发展策略等内容展开研究。. 研究的主要发现包括：（1）在国家发展层面，经济转型时期，城市等级对中国服务业发展的影响小于经济转型所带来的影响，去中心化、市场化及全球化三个过程对服务业发展所产生影响所存在差异，反映出我国的“改革”与“开放”存在不同步性。（2）在不同类型城市发展的层面，不同等级的城市的生产性服务业集聚对城市制造业增长的作用、服务业与科技创新产业之间的相互作用，均存在着差异；中等城市服务业与大型城市相比发展差异明显，应积极培育中等城市发展本地的消费性服务业。（3）在案例城市发展层面，广州的生产性服务企业更倾向于与本地市场开展联系，位于广州CBD内的服务企业与CBD内企业的联系不如与CBD外的企业联系密切。香港的服务业结构高级化是回归后香港经济增长的主要动力，服务业向高附加值方向发展是保持香港城市地位与等级的重要保障。生产性服务的外向联系特征，反映出苏州与广州的生产性服务业发展水平存在差异，城市等级对生产性服务企业的输出行为影响较为显著。（4）基于新自由主义理论，回归以来香港与广州、深圳等不同等级城市之间的生产性服务业合作，是合作政策在水平化与集权化两种作用力下的结果。