哈尼梯田遗产区聚落景观快速变化机制与景区化过程及保护

Landscape pattern, process and change are the major objects of landscape ecology. Taking the Yuanyang County, the Heritage Region, the individual rural village, the individual family house or building as the four study scales, the high-resolution DEM and image data, the field survey and water sample as the methods, following the scenic-site process, to study the settlement landscape pattern and its impact factors horizontally and vertically. To identify the traditional cultural elements and genes of the ethnic settlement by using the Gene Identifying Method. To analyze the impacts of site-scenic process to the settlement changes by using the Life-Cycle method. To assess the tourism degree of rural settlement landscape and its changing mechanism. To evaluate the spatial rationality of newly constructing houses and the impacts on the society and environment, finally to put into implication of all the measurements to benefit the sustainable development of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces Heritage.

景观格局、过程和变化是景观生态学的研究核心。以中观的元阳县域、遗产景区，到微观的自然村聚落景观、再到民居院落或单体建筑等4个尺度的聚落/建筑为研究对象，以景区化过程为轴线，以高精度三维地形和影像数据、实地调查和测绘、采样分析和实验等为手段，构建多维景观格局指数分析聚落景观的水平和垂直特征及影响因素；采用聚落文化基因方法识别区内聚落的文化景观元素或基因为其保护提供参考；以生命周期模型分析遗产区的景区化过程及其对景观格局变化的影响；评价景区化过程对聚落景观旅游开发强度的影响及其引起的变化特征和机制；分析聚落景观快速变化的生态社会影响并评价新增用地的布局合理性；提出基于景观生态安全格局评价的聚落用地空间优化措施，为遗产保护及其持续发展提供决策参考。

项目选择中观的元阳县域、遗产景区，到微观的自然村聚落景观、再到民居院落或单体建筑等4个尺度的聚落/建筑为对象。通过景观分类图、地形图、实地调查和测绘、问卷调查等数据，分析不同民族聚落的时空分布特征并识别影响因素；采用聚落文化基因方法识别全福庄、箐口等传统村寨的文化景观元素并提出保护措施；以旅游设施为抓手分析遗产区景区化过程及其影响；评价景区化过程对典型聚落景观旅游开发的影响特征和机制；应用Markov模型模拟典型村寨LUCC变化趋势，并采用FLUS模型预测分析聚落景观新增用地的分布及其合理性；提出基于聚落连接度的元阳县土地利用空间优化措施，为传统村寨、遗产区保护及县域持续发展提供决策参考。