微细粒氟碳铈矿浮选分离过程强化的界面调控机制研究

Rare-earth ore is an important strategic metal resource, and the abundant light rare-earth resources in China are mainly stored in bastnaesite. However, bastnasite, fluorite, barite, calcite and other salt-minerals in the fine bastnaesite flotation system have disadvantages such as, the complex interface dissolving behavior, the poor reagent selectivity as well as the inefficient in controlling the interfacial properties. Considering these disadvantages and taking the interface regulation mechanism as the breakthrough point, the study decides to solve the problems by the following ways. Firstly, the internal mechanism of migration and adsorption/precipitation reaction of dissolved ion in mineral/water interface and its rules of reciprocal effect are researched to reveal the regulation mechanism of selective migration and transformation of dissolved ions in mineral interface. Secondly, the interface assembly behavior of flotation reagent on mineral/water is studied to indicate the anisotropy, selectivity and synergistic assembly mechanism of interfacial interaction between minerals and flotation reagent. In addition, the agglomeration and dispersion behavior of homophase/heterogeneous particles are controlled by changing flotation reagent and surface properties of minerals to establish the coupling relationship among mineral surface properties-flotation reagent-interface interaction between particles, and to form the regulation mechanism of agglomeration and dispersion behavior between mineral particles in the fine bastnaesite flotation system. Lastly, the flotation separation process of the practical ore is investigated to develop the enhanced flotation separation process that is characterized by interface regulation for the rare earth ore. Based on these researches, the study will provide theoretical and technical support for the efficient recovery of fine bastnaesite in China.

稀土是重要的战略金属资源，我国丰富的轻稀土资源主要赋存于氟碳铈矿中。针对微细粒氟碳铈矿浮选体系中氟碳铈矿和萤石、重晶石、方解石等盐类矿物的界面溶解行为复杂、与药剂作用选择性差、界面性质难以有效调控的难题，本项目从界面调控机制切入，首先对矿物界面溶解离子迁移、吸附/沉淀反应内在机制及交互影响规律进行研究，揭示矿物界面溶解离子选择性迁移与转化的调控机制；再对浮选剂在矿物/水界面组装行为进行研究，揭示矿物与浮选剂界面作用的各向异性、选择性和协同组装机制；然后通过改变浮选剂、矿物表面性质对矿物颗粒同/异相凝聚与分散行为进行调控，建立矿物表面性质-浮选剂-颗粒间界面相互作用三者间的耦合关系，形成微细粒氟碳铈矿浮选体系矿物颗粒间凝聚与分散行为的有效调控机制；最后结合实际矿石进行强化浮选分离工艺研究，开发出以界面调控为基础的稀土矿高效强化浮选分离工艺，为我国微细粒氟碳铈矿的高效回收提供理论与技术基础。

稀土是重要的战略金属资源，我国丰富的轻稀土资源主要赋存于氟碳铈矿中。针对微细粒氟碳铈矿浮选体系中氟碳铈矿和萤石、重晶石、方解石等盐类矿物的界面溶解行为复杂、与药剂作用选择性差、界面性质难以有效调控的难题。本项目首先对矿物溶解行为及其对氟碳铈矿浮选的影响进行了研究，揭示了脉石矿物溶解组分在氟碳铈矿表面的迁移行为及其对氟碳铈矿浮选的影响机制；再通过对稀土矿物在不同浮选剂作用下浮选行为的研究，开发了对稀土矿具有高效浮选分离效果的组合捕收剂和抑制剂，揭示了组合捕收剂在矿物表面的协同组装机制和抑制剂在矿物表面的选择性吸附机制；然后通过对稀土矿物同相/异相凝聚行为的分析，阐明了细粒脉石矿物与氟碳铈矿之间的相互作用机理，并基于高效分散剂的研发形成了氟碳铈矿浮选体系矿物颗粒间凝聚与分散行为的有效调控机制；最后结合实际矿石进行强化浮选分离工艺研究，开发出了以界面调控为基础的稀土矿高效强化浮选分离工艺，为我国微细粒氟碳铈矿的高效回收提供理论与技术基础。. 本项目研究工作的主要成果如下：. 1）在该项目执行期间，共发表有本基金号标注的学术论文23篇，其中SCI收录论文22篇（第一标注13篇，第二标注5篇，第三标注4篇），EI收录论文1篇（第一标注），论文清单见附件。. 2）开发了氟碳铈矿强化浮选分离的技术工艺，应用于四川德昌低品位稀土矿获得了REO品位58.68%、回收率48.73%的稀土精矿。. 3）参加国内/国际学术会议10次，作大会报告7次。. 4）培养硕士研究生7名。. 5）项目组成员晋升矿物加工学科正高职称1人次，入选四川省中青年学术带头人1人次。. 6）项目研究成果获得2021年中国稀土工业协会一等奖1项、四川省自然科学奖二等奖1项、第十五届四川省青年科技奖1项。.已超额完成申请书中要求发表学术论文10篇以上，其中SCI检索JCR二区6篇以上的任务。