广西植物精油对致乏库蚊和埃及伊蚊的驱避作用及活性成分组群研究

With Zika virus raging in the world, mosquito-borne infections diseases control and prevention received more and more attention. Using repellent is always and effective and safe way to control mosquito-borne infections diseases. Due to some adverse reports about the synthesized repellent DEET, more and more researcher had chosen the natural sourced repellent，such as essential oil, to protect human from mosquito biting. Essential oils have the advantages of renewability and low residue and toxicity, which are in line with the requirements of people for hygienic insecticides. There are many kinds of natural flavors growing in Guangxi. A study on repelling mosquitoes of most essential oil from natural flavors is neglected. The repellent activities of essential oil From more than 20 species plants growing in Guxangxi , including Melaleuca alternefolia, Blumea balsamifera, Pinus massoniana, Eucalyptus benthami, against Culex Pipiens Quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti linnaeus have not been investigated. In order to support more evidence to explore a new generation of plant-base repellent against mosquito, the repellent activities of 25 species essential oil above-mentioned will be investigated using Y-tube olfactometer and human arm in cage method (GB/T 13917.9-2009). .Essential oil is composed of many kinds of chemical composition. The repellent activities components are not the major components which accounted for the largest proportion of components in the essential oil. The essential oils are more active than the major component. Active ingredient is probably not a single compound. The essential oil will be devided into different components groups, including monoterpenes, monoterpene alchols, monoterpene aldehydes, monoterpene ketones, monoterpene ester, sesquiterpenes, sesquiterpene alchols, sesquiterpene aldehydes, sesquiterpene ketone and sesquiterpene ester. By researching the correlation between the contents of different components groups and percent repellency，and the correlation between the contents of different components groups and human protection time, we can find the effective components groups.

随着寨卡病毒在全球的肆虐，蚊媒传染病的防治越来越受到关注，驱避剂的使用是阻止蚊媒传染病的重要手段，做为安全低毒的天然驱避剂，关于植物精油驱避蚊虫的研究日益受到重视。广西具有丰富的精油资源，其中互叶白千层、艾纳香、本泌桉等二十五种广西特色植物精油对蚊虫驱避作用的研究还未见报道。本项目以致乏库蚊和埃及伊蚊为研究对象，分别采用Y型嗅觉仪和人体涂肤有效保护时间测定法（GB/T13917.9 -2009），研究互叶白千层等二十五种精油对致乏库蚊和埃及伊蚊的驱避效果，为驱避剂的开发提供依据。精油中含量高的主要成分的驱避活性往往弱于精油本身，驱避作用是一类物质共同作用的结果。本项目将精油的成分分为单萜烯、单萜醇、单萜醛、单萜酮、单萜酯、倍半萜烯、倍半萜醇、倍半萜醛、倍半萜酮、倍半萜酯类等不同成分组群，将不同成分组群的含量与精油的空间驱避率和人体有效保护时间进行线性相关性分析，确定精油中的活性成分组群。

采用Y型嗅觉仪法和人体涂肤有效保护时间测定法（GB/T13917.9-2009）研究了互叶白千层、本泌桉、广藿香、吴茱萸、香樟叶、马尾松、满山香、山苍子、香茅草、牡荆、香桂、广林九号桉、肉桂、八角茴香、大花序桉、圆角桉、蓝桉、赤桉、丰桉、邓恩桉、巨桉、尾叶桉、窿缘桉、柠檬桉、粗皮桉、拉雅松和细叶云南松等27种广西特色植物精油和艾纳香、迷迭香、沙姜、香附、大型罗勒、丁香花蕾、鸡蛋花、柚子、金橘、丁香罗勒等10种其他产地植物精油对致乏库蚊和白纹伊蚊的驱避效果。当精油浓度为50%时，吴茱萸精油、广藿香精油、大型罗勒精油、香附精油驱避白纹伊蚊对人体的有效保护时间分别为7.3h、7.0h、6.5h、6.3h，达到国家驱避剂登记的A级标准；互叶白千层精油、迷迭香精油、香樟叶精油、艾纳香精油、山苍子精油、满山香精油驱避白纹伊蚊对人体的有效保护时间分别为5.0h、4.5h、4.5h、4.3h、4.3h、4.0h，达到国家驱避剂登记的B级标准；邓恩桉精油、大型罗勒精油、丰桉精油、吴茱萸精油、尾叶桉精油驱避致乏库蚊对人体的有效保护时间分别为10.8h、10.5h、10.5h、8.5h和8.5h，驱避活性强于15%DEET；大花序桉精油、蓝桉精油、牡荆精油、艾纳香精油、巨桉精油驱避致乏库蚊对人体的有效保护时间分别为7.8h、7.5h、7.3h、7.3h和7.0h，驱避活性强于10%DEET，具有进一步产品开发的潜力。.将精油的化学成分分为单萜烯类、含氧单萜类、单萜醇类、单萜醛类、单萜酮类、单萜酯类、倍半萜烯类、含氧倍半萜类、倍半萜醇类、倍半萜醛类、倍半萜酮类、倍半萜酯类等不同成分组群，将不同成分组群的含量与精油的空间驱避率和人体有效保护时间进行线性相关性分析，结果表明精油中的含氧倍半萜类化合物是精油驱避致乏库蚊和白纹伊蚊保护人体免受叮咬的活性成分组群，含氧单萜类化合物的含量与精油对致乏库蚊的空间驱避率相关，含氧单萜类化合物的含量越高，其对致乏库蚊的空间驱避效果越强。研究结果对于高效、安全低毒的天然植物源驱避剂的开发具有指导意义，同时对促进广西特色香料资源的开发利用具有现实意义。