光子雷达系统中光真延时及光子移相技术的研究

With the development of electronic warfare and radar systems for high frequency, high-bandwidth, large dynamic range and broad geographical distribution, it is a new challenge to improve the performance of the millimeter wave devices. Microwave photonics is an interdisciplinary area that studies the interaction between microwave and optical signals for microwave and millimeter-wave signal generation, distribution, control and processing by means of photonics. It is generally regarded as an effective way to deal with the aforementioned challenges and the consequent scientific issue has become cutting-edge research of the microwave photonics. Microwave photonic signal processing is a photonic subsystem designed with the aim of processing microwave and millimeter-wave signal, bringing supplementary advantages inherent to photonics such as low loss, high bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and also providing features which are difficult to achieve with traditional technologies, such as fast tunability and reconfigurability. Therefore, this project focuses on the requirements and principal problems of photonics-based radar systems, researching on "optical true time-delay" and "microwave photonic phase shifter" in the microwave photonic signal processing. Optical true time-delay with low time-delay ripple and microwave photonic phase shifter with low phase noise are to be proposed. Through theoretical research and experimental verification, the achievements of this project will provide important reference for the development of photonics-based radar systems in China.

电子对抗、雷达系统正向着频率范围大、大带宽、高动态范围、地域广等方向发展，对毫米波器件的性能提出了新的挑战。微波光子学是研究微波和光波相互作用规律及应用的一门新兴学科，它利用光子学方法产生、分配、控制与处理宽带毫米波信号，被认为是应对上述挑战的有效途径，由此引发的科学问题已经成为微波光子学当前的前沿研究方向，其中微波光子信号处理借助光子技术通过光信号处理实现对毫米波信号的处理，相对于传统电子器件具有高频、超宽带、可调谐和可重构等优势。本项目面向未来光子雷达系统的需求和基本问题，对光真延时和微波光子移相技术进行研究，重点探讨微波光子信号处理中的关键问题，通过理论研究和实验验证，提出高频、低延时抖动的光真延时结构以及低相位噪声的光子移相方法，为我国未来光子雷达系统的发展提供重要参考。

电子对抗、雷达系统正向着高频、大带宽、高动态范围、地域广等方向发展，传统的电信号处理理论和方法面临着“电子瓶颈”等关键挑战。利用光子技术构建微波光子信号处理系统是应对以上挑战的有效途径，可有效克服电子器件在损耗、带宽、电磁干扰、幅相耦合等方面的限制，并具有高频、可调谐和可重构等技术优势。微波光子雷达系统中如何利用光子技术实现宽带微波信号的延时、相位控制成为微波光子信号处理的重要科学问题。.本项目面向未来光子雷达系统的需求和基本问题，对光真延时和微波光子移相技术进行研究，重点探讨微波光子信号处理中的关键问题。项目详细分析宽带、高速的光真延时和微波光子移相机理，提出了一些微波光子移相、变频处理方法，方法具有响应平坦、调节速度快、幅相不相关等特点。分别实现了基频、倍频和混频的微波光子移相方案，分析了各器件参数对移相性能的影响；同时研究了基于移相方法的宽带模拟信号处理技术，可分别实现大时间带宽积线性调频信号产生、可调谐光频梳、镜频抑制等功能。.通过本项目的研究，为微波光子信号处理技术的应用提供有价值的技术参考，为我国未来微波光子雷达系统的发展提供一定的技术支撑。