角茴香精妙花部特征的传粉适应性和进化含义

The diversity performance and evolutionary significance research work has been increasingly focused in recent years. Hypecoum erectum L. is a kind of ephemeral plant distributed mainly in the Jungar Desert in Xinjiang Province, which has elaborate floral characteristics. The middle lobe, which on the two inner petals is specialized as a yellow cucullate structure. The middle lobe will reflexively wrap the anther as soon as the anther dehiscence, obtaining pollen and growing upward.The cucullate structure is the key functional organ in attracting pollinators and secondary pollen presentation. Exploring the interaction among middle lobes, stamens and pollinators is the important way to find out the evolution of floral characteristics of this species. H. erectum will be analysed by a series of wild investigation, green house experiment and laboratory analysis method in multiple tempral and spatial scales, which focuses on the following four aspects: ①The developmental dynamics of special floral characteristics; ②The ecological adaptation of secondary pollen prensentation and stamen mimicry; ③The ecological and evolutionary significance of intrafloral stamen differentiation; ④The effects of special floral characteristics on female and male reproductive fitness. We can not only further analyse the function in breeding system of special floral characteristics, but also explore the adjust strategies of floral characteristics on pollination adaptation process. Moreover, the ecological and evolutionary significance of special floral characteristics will be discussed. The new theory is expected on the “pollen presentaion schedule in desert plants” research field. Besides, the results will provide case analyse for the understanding of “intrafloral stamen differentiation” hot spot in the extreme arid environment.

花部特征的多样性表现及进化含义研究近年来日益受到关注。在新疆，角茴香是主要分布在准噶尔荒漠的短命植物，其花部特征奇妙，内层花瓣的中裂片特化为黄色兜状结构，花药散粉时反射性包裹住花药，收集花粉向上生长，是吸引传粉者和次级花粉呈现的关键功能器官。探究中裂片结构与传粉者和雄蕊的相互作用是解读该种花部特征进化的重要途径。本研究拟通过野外调查、温室实验和室内分析，从多时空角度重点阐述以下四点：①特殊花部特征的发育动态变化；②次级花粉呈现和雄蕊拟态的生态适应性；③花内雄蕊分化的生态进化意义；④特殊花部特征对雌、雄适合度的影响。通过上述内容深入分析特殊花部特征在繁育系统中的功能“分工”，探讨花部特征对于传粉适应过程的调整策略，进而明晰特殊花部特征的生态进化含义。此外，研究有望在“沙漠植物花粉呈现时序性”研究领域产生新的理论认识，并为深入理解极端环境下“花内雄蕊分化”这一繁殖生态学热点命题提供个例分析。

花部特征的多样性表现及进化含义研究近年来日益受到关注。在新疆，角茴香是主要分布在准噶尔荒漠的短命植物，其花部特征奇妙，内层花瓣的中裂片特化为黄色兜状结构，花药散粉时反射性包裹住花药，收集花粉向上生长，是吸引传粉者和次级花粉呈现的关键功能器官。探究中裂片结构与传粉者和雄蕊的相互作用是解读该种花部特征进化的重要途径。本研究通过野外调查、温室实验和室内分析，从多时空角度得到了以下结论：①中裂片收集花粉后，通过逐渐向外翻卷的过程实现了花粉的分批呈现，使得更多的传粉昆虫参与到传粉过程，从而提高了传粉效率；②侧雄蕊有利于实现异花授粉和提高结实率，暗示了其在发挥雄性功能方面的关键作用；③种子具有深度简单形态生理休眠；高温层积10周后，转移至暖温条件下继续培养6周，继续低温冷藏8 d，能够打破种子休眠；④秋春萌的分季萌发特性能够有效分担角茴香在的生殖风险。通过上述内容深入分析了特殊花部特征在繁育系统中的功能“分工”，进而明晰了特殊花部特征的生态进化含义。此外，研究在“花部拟态”及“花内雄蕊分化”研究领域分别产生了新的个例。相关成果已发表学术论文5篇，其中包括SCI3篇，部分结果还在整理中。