超导重力观测确定对流层水汽

In this proposal, a novel method will be designed to separate the universalgravitation from the high precision and continuous tidal gravity observations usingsuperconducting gravimeters at the stations, which are induced from the air mass contained in a column with a certain bottom radius above the station. The influencesof the Earth's solid tides induced by the Sun and the Moon and the ocean loadingtides will be removed using the numerical analysis and data processing techniques for solid tides; and the influence of the elastic term of global and the attractionterms of the attraction of the masses outside the column area were obtained by the model of the air loading respond; pole motion, land water and instruments and so on were also considered. The total remaining residuals besides the air loading influence are then determined by the radio sounding, then the universal gravitation is obtained from the observations. Therefore, an inverse process can be done by using the pressure and temperature at the station ground, lapse rate in vertical and the gravitation. The new method which is based on the Newton's Law will be established as a new technology, and it can be used as a normal instrument for the observations of the weather.

本研究利用地面高精度高稳定度超导重力仪连续观测，借助固体潮数据处理分析技术，剔除日月天体的固体潮效应和海洋潮汐负荷影响；利用大气负荷响应模型，模拟全球大气负荷的弹性效应和远区的万有引力效应；利用无线探空资料确定超导重力残差中除大气引力之外的极移、陆地水负荷和仪器等的综合影响；然后；就可得到台站为中心地面某一区域以上空间大气对台站点的万有引力。再联合台站地面气压、温度观测和垂直温度梯度，确定垂直空气密度分布和水汽含量。发展一套有别以往，基于牛顿万有引力原理确定垂直大气密度分布和水汽含量的理论方法，为气象观测提供新技术手段。

本研究利用地面高精度高稳定度超导重力仪连续观测，借助固体潮数据处理分析技术，剔除日月天体的固体潮效应和海洋潮汐负荷影响；利用大气负荷响应模型，模拟全球大气负荷的弹性效应和远区的万有引力效应；利用无线探空资料确定超导重力残差中除大气引力之外的极移、陆地水负荷和仪器等的综合影响；进而得到台站为中心地面某一区域以上空间大气对台站点的万有引力。再联合台站地面气压、温度观测和垂直温度梯度，确定垂直空气密度分布和水汽含量。发展一套有别以往，基于牛顿万有引力原理确定垂直大气密度分布和水汽含量的理论方法，为气象观测提供新技术手段。