建筑物火灾过程中人员疏散问题的研究

In the modern fire, more than 60% of casualties are due to suffocation or.poisoning in exhaust gas from the fire because the evacuation passages of architecture are blocked or human behavior of evacuation are incorrect which cause the difficulty of egress. The evacuation research has already become an important direction of fire.3scientific research in a lot of countries. This subject is mainly to investigate the evacuation behavior that the general people in our country usually adopt in the fire.And the subject also carries on quantitative analysis and sets up the quantization data base of the personnel behavior of evacuating in our country tentatively. Meanwhile, it also sets up simulation calculate models of different kinds of buildings. All these offers the basic data and theory guide for fires protection, designs and assessment of.the building in our country.The main achievements made are as follows through the research of more than one.year:Various kinds of materials about personnel evacuation in a large amount of domestic and international fires have been collected, the small-scale scale student's drill has been carried on, and some quantization results have been summarized;.. Residents have been visited and more than 80 samples of the questionnaire of the evacuation behavior have been done after the fire. The electing criterion of personnel evacuation behavior under different environments have been found out;... A large amount of observation on the spot of personnel denseness such as station and gymnasium, especially observation on the flow of passengers at railway station of Wuchang during Spring transportation, has been carried on and lots of quantization data of the troop in a large amount evacuation are got, for example:general personnel speed of movement is1.2-1.4 m/s under the normal situation,and according to mechanics characteristic of the human movement, the dynamics equation of the personnel movement are derived out. This equation shows that the speed of personnel evacuation is influenced by density of state of before and after.being crowded and present the logarithm relation;.. The personnel evacuation model under the trooping state have been set up. The calculation procedure has been written tentatively, And the simulation computing application of personnel evacuation in public place of entertainment, such as the cinema, Karaoka dancing hall,etc, has been carried on . Furthermore the personnel evacuation time under different fire situation has been predicted and.the evacuation security of these places has been assessed. At the same time.concrete optimization evacuation route in these buildings has been proposed..This subject will accumulate a large number of the data of personnel evacuation behavior in fire of our country as a basic research of application. Through grading fuzzily, classfication, statistical analysis and etc. the basic data base is set up and it is used in the field of fire protection design progressively and advances the establishment of protection design standards which are of the independent intellectual.property right in our country. The foundation of evacuation model also promotes the development of the performance-based fire protection design in our country and offers optimization, assessment tools for some departments such as fire management,4.traffic.

分析国内外有关建筑火灾过程中人员疏散统计资料并进行现场演习，探索各类建筑人员疏散速度与火灾烟气浓度、人口密度等的理论关系；建立复杂建筑人员疏散网络网格联合模型，该模型旨在反映火灾蔓延、建筑特怔及人员拥挤程度等因素。通过模型模拟可以对现有建筑进行防火疏散安全评估，为我国建筑防火规范修订和性能化消防设计方法研究提供参考。