叶尔羌河鱼类单殖吸虫分类、种群生态学及系统发育研究

Yarkant River, located in the southwest of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, is the largest river in the north slope of Kunlun Mountains and one of the four source rives of Tarim River. Yarkant River belongs to the Tarim (basin) area, Central Asia (Central Asia alps) subregion, Holarctic Region, Arctogaea according to world fresh water fishes geographic regionalization, and belongs to Tarim (basin) subregion, West China region, according to China fresh water fishes regionalization. Owing to geographical specialty, Yarkant River is the home to many unique fishes, such as Schizothorax (Racoma) biddulphi (Günther, 1876) and Triplophysa (Hedinichthys) yarkandensis (Day). Moreover, monogeneans are a group of fish parasites with extremely rich species diversity. This work is aimed to study the population dynamics and phylogeny of fish monogeneans in Yarkant River areas by using the fish parasite sampling technique, biological statistical methods and molecular phylogenetic methods. The classification, distribution and phylogenetic issues of fish monogeneans are discussed, and the population dynamics and phylogeny of fish monogeneans there are preliminarily studied. This study is theoretically significant for understanding the evolution and phylogeography of monogeneans, which are important parasitic organisms in zoology, and for further exploring the unknown distributions of monogeneans. This study also provides basic information for conservancy of unique fish resources and ecology.

叶尔羌河是昆仑山北坡最大的河流，为塔里木河的四大源河之一，位于新疆塔里木盆地的西南面。叶尔羌河在世界淡水鱼类地理分布区划中属于北界、全北区，中亚（中亚高山）亚区的塔里木（盆地）分区，在中国淡水鱼类区划中属于华西区塔里木（盆地）亚区，由于该流域特殊的地理位置，生存着一些特殊的土著鱼类，如塔里木裂腹鱼和叶尔羌高原鳅等。单殖吸虫具有极强的宿主特异性且地域分布明显，是一类物种多样性丰富的鱼类寄生虫，该流域的单殖吸虫研究基本为空白。本研究利用鱼类寄生虫鉴定、生物统计及分子生物学技术等方法对叶尔羌河流域鱼类单殖吸虫分类、种群动态及系统发育进行研究，以揭示该流域单殖吸虫的分类、分布特点及系统发育等相关科学问题，为保护独特鱼类资源和生态提供相关的基础信息，丰富我国在单殖吸虫分类、进化及谱系地理学方面的研究空白，具有极为重要的理论意义及具体的现实意义。

单殖吸虫具有极强的宿主特异性且地域分布明显，是一类物种多样性丰富的鱼类寄生虫。叶尔羌河是昆仑山北坡最大的河流，为塔里木河的四大源河之一，位于新疆塔里木盆地的西南面。由于该流域特殊的地理位置，生存着一些特殊的土著鱼类，如塔里木裂腹鱼和叶尔羌高原鳅等。该流域的单殖吸虫研究基本为空白。本研究利用形态学和分子生物学对鱼类寄生虫鉴定、生物统计及分子生物学技术等方法对叶尔羌河流域鱼类单殖吸虫分类、种群动态及系统发育进行研究，以揭示该流域单殖吸虫的分类、分布特点和系统发育等相关科学问题。同时利用形态学和分子学对新疆裂腹鱼进行物种鉴定，为解决近缘物种裂腹鱼鉴定困难提供数据资料。测定斑重唇及寄生单殖吸虫的线粒体基因组并进行相关分析，总结出基因组组成特点，为今后研究提供新思路。基于线粒体基因组构建系统发育树，探索单殖吸虫在高级阶元分类及与宿主之间的进化关系。为保护独特鱼类资源和生态提供相关的基础信息，丰富我国在单殖吸虫分类、进化及谱系地理学方面的研究空白，具有极为重要的理论意义及具体的现实意义。