液氧贮箱用碳纤维/环氧复合材料与液氧交互作用机理及性能演变规律研究

It is well accepted that application of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced epoxy composites to liquid fuel tanks of rockets can dramatically reduce weight and cost, and liquid oxygen (LO2) is one of the key liquid fuels for rockets, thus the exploration and fundamental research of the composites aimed for usage in manufacturing LO2 tanks are of great significance to development of next generation of large launch vehicles. In this proposal, the effects of LO2 on the mechanical and structural properties of the CF/epoxy composites and their reaction mechanisms will be systematically studied. Specifically, the design and development of epoxy resin systems will be made to meet the requirements of composite prepreg processability, excellent cryogenic mechanical properties and LO2 compatibility. Based on the optimally designed epoxy resin system, the CF/epoxy composites will be fabricated for usage in fabrication of LO2 tanks. The evolution of cryogenic mechanical properties, LO2 compatibility, chemical structure and microstructure of the epoxy resins and their composites are to be examined while the epoxy resins and the composites are immersed in LO2. And the reaction mechanisms of LO2 with the epoxy resins and the CF/epoxy composites will be intensively studied. Then, the relationships between the compositions, structures and properties of the CF/epoxy composites will be established; furthermore, the theoretical models for predicting the mechanical behaviors and LO2 compatibility of the CF/epoxy composites are to be proposed. The outcomes will form the solid basis for the design and fabrication of the CF/epoxy composite based LO2 tanks.

碳纤维/环氧复合材料应用于火箭液体燃料贮箱可大幅降低结构重量和成本，液氧是火箭关键液体燃料之一，因此发展复合材料液氧贮箱技术并开展相关基础研究对重型运载火箭等航天器的发展具有重要意义。本项目将系统研究液氧对碳纤维/环氧复合材料的力学和结构性能及反应机理的影响，拟设计并发展可兼顾复合材料预浸料工艺性、低温力学性能和液氧相容性的环氧树脂体系，进而基于最佳环氧树脂体系制备液氧贮箱用碳纤维/环氧复合材料。重点研究液氧环境下环氧树脂及其碳纤维复合材料的低温力学性能、液氧相容性、化学结构和微观结构的演变规律，揭示碳纤维/环氧复合材料与液氧交互作用机理，确定复合材料组分-结构-性能之间的关系，建立液氧环境下复合材料力学行为和液氧相容性的预测模型，为推进碳纤维/环氧复合材料在航天液氧贮箱中的应用奠定坚实的基础。

本项目按照研究计划，对液氧贮箱用碳纤维/环氧复合材料与液氧交互作用机理及性能演变规律展开系统研究。首先发展了可兼顾复合材料预浸料工艺性、低温力学性能和液氧相容性的环氧树脂体系，进而基于最佳环氧树脂体系制备液氧贮箱用碳纤维/环氧复合材料。深入研究了液氧环境下环氧树脂及其碳纤维复合材料的低温力学性能、液氧相容性、化学结构和微观结构的演变规律，揭示碳纤维/环氧复合材料与液氧交互作用机理以及相应的改性机理，确定复合材料组分-结构-性能之间的关系，建立液氧环境下复合材料力学行为和液氧相容性的理论模型，开展了缩比复合材料贮箱样机的研制。获得的有关知识将为推进碳纤维/环氧复合材料在航天液氧贮箱中的应用奠定坚实的基础。