靶向基元-无机纳米花荧光探针的制备及其在农药检测中的应用

Pesticide residues have seriously caused environmental problems, even jeopardized the food safety and human health, attracting significant concern. Aimed to solve the key issues of “lower sensitivity” and “difficulty on point-of-care testing”, development of the portable pesticide sensors with high sensitivity for quantitative detection and on-site monitoring has important scientific significance. Herein, employing nanoclusters, recognition unit and metal ion as precursors, we designed novel recognition unit-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers based on protein assembly technology in the construction of fluorescent sensor for pesticide detection. By combining the specificity of recognition elements and the large surface area as well as the excellent optical properties of nanoflower composite, the developed sensor can meet the urgent requirements of real-time detection and on-site monitoring of pesticide residues with good sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. In addition, the practical sensor based on test-strip platforms were also constructed for real-time, on-site, and visual detection of pesticides, especially in qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis with naked eye. The construction and application of nanoflower material will greatly improve the timeliness and accuracy of pesticide detection, which not only possessed novel analytical strategy for rapid and real-time analysis of pesticide residues, but also provided an effective approach in the development of real-time monitoring and fast screening technology.

农药残留已经严重威胁了环境质量、食品安全以及人类健康，引起了广泛的关注。围绕农药残留精准检测和实时监测的紧迫需求，针对“痕量农药识别灵敏度低”和“农药现场检测难”两个关键科学问题，研制出高灵敏、可便携的农药传感器具有重要的科学意义。本项目提出以金属簇、靶向基元和无机金属盐为构筑单元，应用蛋白质组装技术制备新型靶向基元-无机纳米花荧光复合材料，利用靶向基元的识别作用，结合纳米花的大比表面积和金属簇的光学特性，提升传感器的灵敏度和稳定性，实现复杂环境成分中痕量农药残留的高灵敏和高选择分析检测。进一步借助纸基载体构建现场、快速、便携式检测平台，实现农药残留的可视化定性和半定量分析，构筑面向农药残留检测的实用化传感器。靶向基元-无机纳米花荧光复合材料的构筑和应用不仅为痕量农药残留检测提供新的分析方法和技术手段，更为实时监测和快速筛查技术的发展提供有效借鉴。

农药残留已经威胁到环境质量、食品安全以及人类健康，引起广泛的关注。围绕农药残留精准检测和实时监测的紧迫需求，针对“痕量农药识别灵敏度低”和“农药现场检测难”两个关键问题，研制出高灵敏、可便携的农药传感器具有重要的科学意义。本项目设计构筑了靶向基元-无机纳米花复合材料，结合纳米化学和颗粒表面的分子设计与修饰，构筑高灵敏、可便携的农药荧光传感器。主要发现点和成果如下：（1）提出了通过表面电荷工程和杂原子共掺等策略提高荧光材料的发光效率，提升检测信噪比；进行靶向基元-无机纳米花复合材料的组装研究，通过设计组装单元和调控纳米体系结构，揭示纳米材料与农药分子的相互作用机制，降低传质障碍，提高反应速率，实现“结构增感”和“改性增感”的二级增感策略，协同提高信号放大能力，提升传感器的灵敏度，检测限可低至ng/mL级。（2）应用自组装技术制备靶向基元-无机杂化纳米花，实现生物靶向基元的无创化固定，提升靶向基元的在复杂环境状态下的稳定性，深入探讨了纳米框架对生物酶三维结构的影响规律；将纳米材料在纸基载体或凝胶基质上进行有效固载，提供惰性反应环境，有利于纳米材料和靶向基元的保存。该思路将两种提升检测稳定性的策略融合，有助于推动传感器的现场应用。（3）应用3D打印构筑手机支架模型，联合智能手机替代传统检测系统中的命令输入、数据分析、结果显示等功能模块，采集和转置传感器的颜色输出信息，实现痕量农药（对氧磷、乐果、福美双等）的现场精准定量分析。本项目的研究为环境质量分析和食品安全检测快速化、微型化的实现提供有力支持。上述研究工作取得了多项具有一定创新性和系统性的研究成果，累计发表17篇学术论文，授权5件中国发明专利。