抗白粉病小麦-卵穗山羊草衍生系分子细胞遗传学研究

Powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat(Triticum aestivum) in China. Transferring the resistance gene(s) to powdery mildew from the related species into common wheat by distant hybridization, is one of the important and valuable pathways for wheat improvement. This project concentrates on the molecular cytogenetic identifacation of wheat-Aegilops.ovata derivatives with resistance to powdery mildew, from the combinations of Chinese spring/Ae.ovata accession SY159//Chinese spring , and Chinese/ Ae.ovata accession SY159//Shanyou 225, by means of cytological observation and in situ hybridization. Based on the constructed cDNA library of Ae. Ovata leaf inoculated with Bgt specificic STS(sequence-tagged site) markers could be developed to track the chromosome location of Ae.ovata.Hence, homeologous relationship between Ae.ovata and common wheat's chromosomes could be evaluated by specific SSR\SSR-EST\S-SAP\STS markers of Ae.ovata's in the derivative. 5-7 alien amphiploids, or addition lines,or substitution lines, or translocation lines, 25-30 specific molecular markers are expected to be acheived. This study will be meaningful for the enrichment of wheat powdery mildew resistance gene(s), and to provide valuable germplasm for the improvment of wheat powdery mildew resistance.

白粉病是危害小麦生产的重要病害之一，利用远缘杂交将小麦近缘植物中的抗病基因转移到普通小麦是进行小麦抗性改良的重要途径之一。本项目拟以抗白粉病的卵穗山羊草SY159及其与普通小麦中国春和陕优225杂交获得的抗白粉病衍生系为研究对象,利用细胞学和原位杂交技术对抗白粉病小麦-卵穗山羊草衍生系进行鉴定，确定异源染色体数目和组成；利用已经构建的白粉病菌诱导卵穗山羊草cDNA文库，开发卵穗山羊草STS特异性标记，利用SSR\SSR-EST\S-SAP\STS标记检测所研究的衍生系中外源染色体与小麦染色体间的部分同源群关系。期望获得小麦-卵穗山羊草抗白粉病的双二倍体\附加系\代换系\易位系5-7个，卵穗山羊草SSR\SSR-EST\S-SAP\STS特异性分子标记25-30个，并明确部分同源群关系。研究结果为丰富小麦抗白粉病基因库，有效利用卵穗山羊草中的抗白粉病基因进行小麦改良提供理论依据。

白粉病是危害小麦生产的重要病害之一, 利用远缘杂交将小麦近缘植物中的抗病基因转移到普通小麦是进行小麦抗性改良的重要途径之一。本项目以抗白粉病的卵穗山羊草SY159及其与普通小麦中国春和陕优225 杂交获得的抗白粉病衍生系为研究对象，利用细胞学和原位杂交技术对抗白粉病小麦-卵穗山羊草衍生系进行鉴定，确定异源染色体数目和组成， 利用已经构建的白粉病菌诱导卵穗山羊草 cDNA 文库，开发卵穗山羊草STS 特异性标记，利用特异性标记检测所研究的衍生系中外源染色体与小麦染色体间的部分同源群关系。经过研究，构建卵穗山羊草染色体组核型；获得抗白粉病小麦-卵穗山羊草抗衍生系6个，其中附加系2个，代换系2个，渐渗系1个，易位系1个，并明确各自的同源群关系；获得卵穗山羊草特异性分子标记33个, 其中STS标记5个，SSR-EST标记9个，PLUG标记19个；发表论文4篇，其中SCI2篇，核心期刊2篇。研究结果为有效利用卵穗山羊草中的抗白粉病基因进小麦改良提供理论依据。