高速铁路隧道内列车横向摆动的气动力学行为及控制方法

Since the rail center and the centerlines of tunnel is not coincide entirely, the aerodynamic pressure difference between the both sides of the vehicle body is so significant that the high-speed train would be suffered a serious lateral oscillation during entering a double lines tunnel in a very high-speed, which would reduce the ride comfort and the traffic safety. The research on this issue，regardless domestic and international, is still in its infancy currently. Based on theoretical analysis and series of experiments, this reseach focuses on suce issues as the aerodynamic load acting on train, the safety of running train and the control technologies of slowing lateral swing of High-speed train. Firstly, the microscopic structure and the foundation mechanism of airflow field around train is discussed when train is travelling in double lines tunnel with a very high speed, the change progress over time and its spectral characteristics of aerodynamic load act on train is to get. Then the vibration characteristics of train body are analyzaed when the train is acted by the aerodynamic load. The lateral swing mechanism and related vibration behaviors characteristics of train will be revealed The key influence factors enhancing the lateral swing of trian is going to be determined accroding series of parameter sensitivity, as the same time, the safety indicators of train's lateral swing will be given with different parameter values. Finally, either the measurements of lowing train's lateral swing about the tunnel or the speed limiting restrictions of running train are provided to those high-speed rail in operation, at the same time, the design calculation method related to the lowing lateral swing of train will be given according to those new high-speed rail tunnel construction. It would be significant of this research results to the safety involving high-speed train in operation, reconstruction of existing high-speed rail and the design of those new high-speed rail in the future.

由于双线隧道的线路中线与隧道中线并不完全重合，列车高速驶入隧道时会在车体两侧形成显著的气动压差，造成车体的横向摆动问题，进而会影响列车的乘坐舒适性和行车安全。国内外对此问题的研究尚处在起步阶段，本项目采用理论分析和室内试验等方法,结合现场测试结果，研究列车高速驶入隧道时车体周边流场的微观结构特征，揭示作用于车体结构气动荷载的形成机制，确定气动荷载时程曲线及荷载谱，分析隧道内气动荷载作用下车体结构的振动特性，研究气动荷载下隧道内列车横向摆动的力学机制及气动力学行为特征；通过参数敏感性分析，确定影响列车横向摆动的主要因素及规律，针对我国高速铁路的特点，分别提出既有线路的改造措施及列车安全运行控制指标、新建线路隧道等基础设施的结构和设计参数，建立基于降低车体横向摆动效应的高速铁路隧道结构设计方法和设计体系。研究成果对我国高速铁路列车的运行安全、既线路改造和新建线路设计具有重要的理论指导意义。

气动效应是影响高速列车健康运行的重要问题，列车在进出隧道过程中可能存在显著的洞口效应，表现为横风条件下列车进出隧道瞬间的摆动和点头问题，严重地影响列车行车安全和乘客的振动舒适性。本项目针对我国高铁隧道和隧道群较多的工程特点，分析了列车高速进出隧道瞬间的气动效应及其行车安全指标的时间演化特性，揭示了列车在高速铁路隧道洞口摆动的气动力学机制及其控制方法。主要研究成果如下：.（1）建立了车-隧-空气的一体化数值仿真模型，系统的探讨了列车车体周边流场的微观分布特性，揭示了高速进出隧道过程中车体流场的时变演化机制，分析了附着于车体的涡流的形成、发展及脱落的变化规律及其对气动荷载的影响。.（2）提出了考虑车体流场变化的气动荷载计算方法，该计算方法能准确地反映作用于车体的侧向力、气动升力、倾覆力矩、偏航力矩和点头力矩的时空效应，并成功应用于基础设施场景急速变化条件下的车体气动荷载谱的计算。.（3）基于多体动力学的方法构建了风-车-轨耦合动力计算模型，并开发了具有自主知识产权的计算软件，分析了气动荷载作用下车体动态响应特性，揭示了列车进出隧道洞口横向摆动的气动力学机制。.（4）根据高速铁路隧道洞口的基础设施特征，分别研究了平地-隧道和桥梁-隧道两种典型基础设施条件，探讨了不同的隧道长度、列车编组、风速、风向和车速等参数下车体动态响应的变化规律。.（5）参考国家相关技术标准，通过多工况多水平的参数敏感性分析，得到了平地-隧道和桥梁-隧道两种基础设施条件下的特征风曲线，提出了列车安全运行的技术控制措施。.项目研究过程中已发表论文9篇，其中国际SCI期刊论文2篇，EI期刊论文3篇，CSCD论文4篇，录用待刊SCI论文3篇,EI论文1篇；授权专利2项目，申请专利2项；已培养硕士研究生3人，正在培养硕士研究生2名，正在培养博士研究2名。研究成果已应用于郑万高铁等工程中，为我国高速铁路长期健康的安全运营提供了理论和技术支撑。