橡胶种植对营养等级相互作用的影响：西双版纳森林不同斑块的物种多样性及其关联

Xishuangbanna is situated in one of the World's twenty five biodiversity hotspots. This status is under threat from socioeconomic forces. The magnitude of habitat disturbance is proportional to the growing necessity of commercial high-intensity agriculture. Assessing the changes to species diversity and community organisation is critical to the implementation of sound policy criteria for managing ecosystem services important to food security and biodiversity. Mainland Southest Asia is witnessing an unprecidented expansion of rubber cultivation practices. Rubber crops are replacing traditional landuse forms of agriculture and not only impact tradional form of landuse in unpredictable ways, but changing the reminent forest communities as well. Not only are local energy, water, and carbon balances distrupted, ecological processes are highly susceptible to change as well. It crucial to determine how threats to plant communities affect fauna that is responsible for mitigating pollination services, biological pest control, biological invasions, and natural community resilience. Arthropod species perform an enormous role in these functions, both in agricultural landscapes and natural settings. The abitly of a majority of speices to persist at various intensities of threat posed by changing landuse practices are differential and uncertain. It is clear that reduction in species diversity causes highly complex and unpredictable changes to traditional landuse practices, sustainable high-intensity agricultural practices such as rubber cultivation, and ecosystem function. For example, recent attention has been directed at the threat to and potential failure of pollination services to deliver increasing demands imposed by food security. This threat is believed to result from a reducton in suitable habitat necessary to sustain viable pollinator populations. In the proposed project, bulk sampling technologies are used to detect changes at the community level. Combinations of traditional bulk sampling field techniques will be used to capture species diversity data in great detail and quantity. Next generation sequencing will be used for large-scale quantification of changes in trophic levels that comprise essential elements in food webs. This project aims to assess the effect of competing land-use practices in Xishuangbanna, with a focus on the impacts of rubber plantation on the functionality of species diversity associated with forest mosaics.

西双版纳作为世界上25个生物多样性热点之一，正面临社会经济的威胁。生境的破坏程度是与高强度商业农业成正比的。如何评估生物物种和群落组成变化，对正确实施食品安全和生物多样性生态系统服务管理政策具有重大意义。橡胶种植取代传统的农业土地利用形式使当地能量、水分和碳平衡被破坏，生态进程被影响而改变。生态系统中动物群落对传粉，生物虫害控制，生物入侵和自然群落适应力是相当必要的，对农业景观和自然配置也发挥重要作用，因此迫切需要研究橡胶种植对动物群落的影响。物种多样性的减少对传统土地利用、橡胶种植等可持续高强度农业和生态系统功能都有复杂的不可预测的影响。在这项研究中，我们将采取大量取样的技术在群落水平上来检测这种变化，下一代测序技术将用来大尺度量化营养等级上的变化，这些是食物网组成的必要元素。该项目的目的是通过结合森林镶嵌模式来研究橡胶种植对生物多样性功能的影响，来评估西双版纳地区土地利用的影响。

西双版纳作为世界上25个生物多样性热点之一，正面临生境判断化等的威胁。如何评估生物物种和群落组成变化，对正确进行生物多样性有效保护具有重大意义。随着橡胶种植的快速增加和原始森林的急剧下降，生态系统功能已经急剧发生变化。节肢动物在生态系统中对传粉，生物降解作用，种子传播，生物入侵和营养物质循等发挥重要作用，还是生境条件和质量的指示生物。在这项研究中，我们将采取大量取样的技术在群落水平上来检测这种变化，下一代测序技术将用来大尺度量化营养等级上的变化，这些是食物网组成的必要元素。该项目的目的是通过结合森林镶嵌模式来研究橡胶种植对生物多样性功能的影响，来评估西双版纳地区土地利用的影响。目前为止，我们已经选定了5个自然森林和5个橡胶种植地为研究地点，并且每月在这些样地内进行昆虫取样，现在已经获得266个昆虫样本。并且已摸索出DNA提取的流程和适当的PCR程序。这为该项目的进一步执行奠定了基础。