船舶多元废弃物梯级利用系统的降解产能过程微尺度诊断与优化

Kitchen waste, residual sludge and non-biodegradable components in waste-water, which are known as representative “triple wastes” during ship operation. And algae wastes from ballast water treatment was also a big problem. These wastes have enormous potential as suitable substrate to produce hydrogen and bio-diesel. In this project, a former-developed novel membrane bioreactor-integrated biohydrogen reactor (MBR-IBR) is used for investigating efficient micro-level degradation, bio-energy production, and systematic optimization-simulation, in order to solve the “grey box” problem during the process. Micro-scale degradation and hydrogen-producing mechanisms are investigated at species, gene, transcription, and protein levels by using modern molecular biological techniques. The "mapping" relationships between dominant microbial populations and reactor performances are also investigated. The Internal/species relationships among species and the synergy mechanisms are revealed under the directional hydrogen production after bioaugmentation. The combined environmental factors of MBR-IBR system are also optimized, as well as the non-liner simulation model of the system. The rheological properties of the multiple phases and heterogeneous flow field of MBR-IBR system can also be analyzed. Based on above aspects, we can achieve the state recognition, performance prediction and intelligent control. The project aims to increase the substrate degradation efficiency, hydrogen and bio-diesel yield from ship wastes, and then provide theoretical basis for stable, efficient and controllable degradation and bio-energy production.

针对船舶“三废”（厨余垃圾、剩余污泥、生活污水中难降解固体组分）及压载水处理的剩余海藻等多元废弃底物进行降解处理，同时产出绿色清洁能源（氢气及生物柴油）。本项目基于前期开发的新型膜生物—一体化厌氧（MBR-IBR）工艺系统，进行船舶多元废弃物微尺度梯级利用、降解及产氢产油过程与系统优化仿真研究，解决降解产能过程的“灰箱”问题。一方面，探明种群、基因、转录和蛋白水平上功能菌群微尺度机制和降解规律，优势种群演替与废弃物降解产能效能的“映射”关系，阐明生物强化下微生物群落种内/种间关系与协同作用机制；另一方面，实现系统运行全过程的环境要素耦合优化并提出最优调控策略。建立适合MBR-IBR系统的非线性仿真模型，解析多相非均质流场的流变特性，实现系统的状态识别、效能预测和智能控制。最终为提高船舶多元废弃物的底物降解率与产氢、产油能力，实现稳定、高效、可控的降解过程及清洁能源生产提供重要理论指导。

针对船舶多元废弃物生物转化利用率低和系统产能效率不高的关键问题，本项目基于新型MBR-IBR 工艺系统，开展了船舶多元废弃物的微尺度梯级利用、降解及产氢过程与系统优化仿真研究，具体成果如下：.微生物功能菌群协同利用船舶多元废弃物的微尺度降解产能机制方面：探明了船舶废弃物在不同预处理、不同发酵比例和纳米颗粒催化下的利用规律和降解机制；对比了不同预处理方法对船舶废弃物的发酵产能效果，IBR反应器运行稳定期间系统氢气产量达到了 23.3 mL/gCOD，甲烷产量为 113.7mL/gCOD，总 COD 去除率为 71.7%，添加Ni纳米颗粒后提升到了 89.5%。确定了不同影响因子对于发酵产能过程的影响机制，深入阐明了纳米颗粒对于船舶废弃物发酵产能的调节与促进机制，得到微波预处理与Co和Ni纳米颗粒相结合均可有效提高发酵效率；利用FISH等技术深入揭示了发酵菌群的微生物群落结构、种属关系、形态特征与优势种群空间分布。利用高通量分析等技术深入解析了微生物功能菌群协同利用船舶多元废弃物过程的微生物降解产能过程，探明了种群、基因、转录和蛋白水平上功能菌群的微尺度作用机制。.船舶多元废弃物降解及产能过程的系统优化仿真与流场流变特性方面：建立了以船舶多元废弃物为底物的连续流厌氧生物发酵体系，开展了降解产能过程的系统优化仿真与流场流变特性研究。进行了MBR-IBR 系统的环境要素耦合优化，及其与降解产能效能的关联分析。针对新型MBR-IBR系统，利用BP神经网络技术建立了可有效模拟船舶多元废弃物降解产能过程的非线性仿真模型，四个输入参数对产气量的相对重要性影响顺序为：进水COD > 碱度 > pH > ORP；。最后利用先进的计算流体力学（CFD）方法，对系统内部流场进行了多相非均质流场的流变特性模拟仿真。根据流场的流态特性提出了工艺优化方案和调控对策，进一步优化了系统流场的水力学参数。本项目研究为处理船舶多元废弃物及提高船舶生活垃圾生物质的底物降解率和能源产出提供了重要的理论依据。